25th IEEE Real Time Conference - La Biodola, Elba, Italy

Session

Data Acquisition and Trigger Architectures

25 May 2026, 15:45

Maria Luisa Room (Hotel Hermitage)

Conveners

Data Acquisition and Trigger Architectures

• Martin Grossmann PSI (Paul Scherrer Institut)

Data Acquisition and Trigger Architectures

• Marc-André Tétrault

Data Acquisition and Trigger Architectures

• Stefan Ritt (Paul Scherrer Institut (Switzerland))

Data Acquisition and Trigger Architectures

• There are no conveners in this block

Data Acquisition and Trigger Architectures

• There are no conveners in this block

Data Acquisition and Trigger Architectures

• There are no conveners in this block

41. Picosecond-level Clock Distribution System of the LHCb Experiment at CERN

Alberto Perro (CERN)

25/05/2026, 15:45

Data Acquisition and Trigger Architectures

Oral presentation

The LHCb experiment at CERN is undergoing R&D studies to prepare for operation in Run-5 at roughly five times the Run-3 (2022–2026) instantaneous luminosity. Several subdetectors will introduce precision timestamping, imposing stringent requirements on the distribution of the LHC synchronous clock to Front-End (FE) electronics. Specifically, the end-to-end clock phase uncertainty must be...

66. A Machine Learning-Based Real-time Anomaly Detection System

Shuihan Zhang (Institute of High Energy Physics, CAS)

25/05/2026, 16:05

Data Acquisition and Trigger Architectures

Oral presentation

In modern high-energy physics experiments, effective data quality monitoring is essential. Histograms serve as a primary tool, ensuring experimental efficiency and data integrity. However, the sheer volume of histograms produced in large-scale experiments makes manual monitoring impractical. Although traditional statistical methods handle large datasets, they often struggle with high...

70. The Final Run of the sPHENIX Experiment

Martin Lothar Purschke (Brookhaven National Laboratory (US))

25/05/2026, 16:25

Data Acquisition and Trigger Architectures

Oral presentation

By the time of this conference, the sPHENIX experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), and the RHIC program itself, will have concluded operations. RHIC is scheduled to shut down to begin construction of the Electron-Ion Collider, marking the end of 25 years of heavy-ion physics at the facility.

sPHENIX was designed as a high-rate detector optimized for precision measurements...

74. GPU-Based Level-3 Real-Time Trigger for the Belle II High Level Trigger System

Prof. Ryosuke Itoh (KEK)

25/05/2026, 17:15

Data Acquisition and Trigger Architectures

Oral presentation

The Belle II experiment at KEK is a next-generation B-factory designed to operate at unprecedented luminosity. During recent SuperKEKB operations, unexpectedly high background has led to a significant increase in the Level-1 trigger rate. If this situation persists as luminosity continues to improve, the processing capacity of the Belle II High Level Trigger (HLT) system may exceed its...

78. Real-time DAQ System for Muon-Spin Spectroscopy

Marius Snella Köppel (ETH Zurich (CH))

25/05/2026, 17:35

Data Acquisition and Trigger Architectures

Oral presentation

Conventional muon-spin rotation, relaxation, and resonance ($\mu$SR) experiments rely on trigger-based data acquisition systems, in which the arrival of an individual muon initiates a fixed readout window. At continuous muon sources, this approach fundamentally limits the achievable muon rate. To overcome these constraints, we present the design and implementation of a fully triggerless data...

80. Data reduction in CMS

Silvio Donato (Universita & INFN Pisa (IT))

25/05/2026, 17:55

Data Acquisition and Trigger Architectures

Oral presentation

Bandwidth and storage limitations are a major bottleneck for many physics measurements and searches in HEP. The CMS experiment has addressed this constraint with several techniques that increase the number of events saved to disk while preserving physics performance; these approaches are still evolving and will be improved for Phase-2.

This talk will give an overview of the status of the...

107. JUNO DAQ: Operational Status and Recent Advances

Xiaolu Ji

25/05/2026, 18:15

Data Acquisition and Trigger Architectures

Oral presentation

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a multi-purpose underground neutrino experiment located in southern China that has recently become operational. JUNO is equipped with 17,612 large 20-inch photomultipliers (LPMTs) in its Central Detector, designed to detect photons using a high-speed, high-resolution waveform digitization technique. To enhance detection capabilities,...

110. The phase-1 upgrade of the ATLAS level-1 calorimeter trigger

Niklas Schmitt (Johannes Gutenberg Universitaet Mainz (DE))

25/05/2026, 18:35

Data Acquisition and Trigger Architectures

Oral presentation

The ATLAS level-1 calorimeter trigger is a custom-built hardware system that identifies events containing calorimeter-based physics objects, including electrons, photons, taus, jets, and total and missing transverse energy. In Run 3, L1Calo has been upgraded to process higher granularity input data. The new trigger comprises several FPGA-based feature extractor modules, which process the new...

111. Optimising demanding I/O applications: the HL-LHC ATLAS Readout case study

Carlo Alberto Gottardo (CERN)

26/05/2026, 16:50

Data Acquisition and Trigger Architectures

Oral presentation

The ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider processes 40 million proton-proton collision events per second. The Readout system is a central component of the ATLAS data-acquisition infrastructure, interfacing with the detector electronics. For the HL-LHC, starting in 2030, the Readout system will receive data from more than 15,000 optical links, each operating at 1 MHz, corresponding to an...

117. Wireless TDAQ Upgrades for the PEPS Surface Detector Array

Yifan Yang (Universite Libre de Bruxelles (BE))

26/05/2026, 17:10

Data Acquisition and Trigger Architectures

Oral presentation

The Probing Extreme PeVatron Sources (PEPS) project aims to measure galactic gamma rays above 1 PeV. It will deploy a water-Cherenkov detector array over 2 km² (Phase 1), to be extended to 10 km² (Phase 2), co-located with the Pierre Auger Observatory. Each station will reuse decommissioned Auger electronics. The legacy communication system—custom 915 MHz “Leeds Radio” for access and a...

171. Development of a New Data Acquisition System for Subthreshold Pion Production Experiment

Sun-Young Ryu

26/05/2026, 17:30

Data Acquisition and Trigger Architectures

Oral presentation

We developed a new data acquisition (DAQ) system for subthreshold pion production experiments (SUPER). This system reads self-triggered digitizer signals from 768 CsI(Tl) crystals and a signal from a beam monitor in streaming mode. The SUPER needs both systems to constantly monitor the beam flux and trigger rates. We successfully tested beam commissioning of a SUPER DAQ prototype using a 3 × 3...

120. The Central Trigger Processor board for the Advanced SiPM-based camera of the CTA Large-Sized Telescopes

María Molina Delicado (IPARCOS - Universidad Complutense de Madrid)

26/05/2026, 17:50

Data Acquisition and Trigger Architectures

Oral presentation

The Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory (CTAO) is the next-generation ground-based gamma-ray instrument. CTAO’s Large-Sized Telescopes (LSTs) are specifically designed to observe at the lowest energies accessible to CTAO and to capture fast transient events. To enhance their capabilities, an Advanced SiPM-based Camera is currently under development and requires a robust digital trigger...

122. A Congestion-Aware RDMA Front-End for LST Advanced Camera Readout

Filippo Marini (INFN - National Institute for Nuclear Physics)

26/05/2026, 18:10

Data Acquisition and Trigger Architectures

Oral presentation

Next-generation telescopes require front-end electronics able to sustain multi-gigabit data streams while preserving deterministic timing and reliable event delivery. A new evolution of the FADC (Fast Analog-to-Digital Converter) board, a digitizer board originally developed for the CTAO-LST Advanced Camera, is presented, extending it into a fully self-contained, network-attached front-end...

44. Fast Beam Position Calculation Implemented in FPGA

Mr Wei Peng (Anhui University)

26/05/2026, 18:30

Real Time Diagnostics, Digital Twin, Control, Monitoring, Safety and Security

Oral presentation

This paper presents the design of electron beam position processor with a fast beam position calculation implemented in FPGA. The beam position processor will be adopted to the free electron laser and high magnetic field (FEL-HMF) facility constructed by Anhui University in Hefei, China. The beam position processor consists of a RF front-end board, an ADC and FPGA board and an AC/DC power...

125. Timing Distribution Method via 10-km Optical Fibers at the J-PARC for the Hyper-Kamiokande Project

Che-Sheng Lin (SOKENDAI)

28/05/2026, 09:10

Data Acquisition and Trigger Architectures

Oral presentation

The T2K (Tokai-to-Kamioka) is a long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment that requires a reliable timing distribution system at the J-PARC to receive the main-ring (MR) beam-kicker timing pulse signal and broadcast beam-trigger pulse signals with spill numbers to neutrino facilities in Tokai. The existing timing distribution system, originally developed in the K2K (KEK-to-Kamioka) era...

24. TD-Link: A Deterministic Optical Daisy-Chain Link for Synchronous Data Acquisition in Large-Scale Detector Systems

Dr Andrea Abba (Nuclear Instruments SRL)

28/05/2026, 09:30

Front-End Electronics, Fast Digitizers, Fast Transfer Links & Networks

Oral presentation

Modern large-scale nuclear and particle physics experiments require front-end readout systems capable of handling high data throughput while guaranteeing sub-nanosecond time synchronization over widely distributed detector elements. This paper presents TD-Link, a custom optical link protocol developed by Nuclear Instruments and CAEN for the FERS (Front-End Readout System) architecture. TD-Link...

186. Commissioning and Low Latency Operation of the Graph Neural Network Electromagnetic Calorimeter Trigger at the Belle II Experiment

Marc Neu

28/05/2026, 09:50

Data Acquisition and Trigger Architectures

Oral presentation

We present the commissioning and operation of the Graph Neural Network Electromagnetic Calorimeter Trigger Module (GNN-ETM) of the Belle II experiment at the SuperKEKB collider. The GNN-ETM processes calorimeter trigger cells as graph nodes to perform clustering and feature extraction. We fully integrate the system with the successive stages of the first-level trigger, develop slow-control...

187. A Real Time Archiving Framework from EPICS to Time Series Databases for Fusion Plant Data

Dr Guang Yang (University of Science and Technology of China)

28/05/2026, 15:00

Data Acquisition and Trigger Architectures

Oral presentation

Superconducting tokamak fusion facilities continuously generate large volumes of plant data that must be archived reliably and queried efficiently to support system monitoring, fault analysis, and long-term operation. Currently, fusion devices widely adopt the EPICS (Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System) architecture, and plant data are typically archived in files or relational...

193. Repurposing acquisition devices into trigger-based timing synchronization of break-down events during MITICA high voltage holding experiments

Andrea Rigoni Garola (RFX)

28/05/2026, 15:20

Data Acquisition and Trigger Architectures

Oral presentation

A critical requirement for MITICA — a full-scale prototype of the heating Neutral Beam Injectors hosted at the Consorzio RFX Neutral Beam Test Facility for the ITER experiment — is the capability to withstand a continuous voltage of 1MV across the vacuum gaps insulating the beam source from the grounded vessel. To validate this feature, a dedicated voltage-holding test campaign was conducted...

198. Design and Evaluation of DAQ Architectures for Prompt-Gamma Timing in Particle Therapy

Felix Mas Milian (INFN Torino, UESC)

28/05/2026, 15:40

Data Acquisition and Trigger Architectures

Oral presentation

Prompt-Gamma Timing (PGT) for ion-beam range verification requires sub-nanosecond timing resolution, high duty cycle, and operation at particle rates relevant for clinical applications. In this study, successive DAQ and trigger architectures were implemented and evaluated, focusing on efficiency, scalability, and timing performance.The first setup relied on waveform digitizers coupled to...

202. Fast ML on FPGA for Particle Identification and Tracking

Sergey Furletov (Jefferson Lab, (US))

28/05/2026, 16:00

Data Acquisition and Trigger Architectures

Oral presentation

Real-time data processing is a frontier field in experimental particle physics.
Machine learning methods are widely used and have proven highly effective in particle physics.
The increasing computing power of modern FPGAs allows for the addition of more sophisticated algorithms for real-time data processing.
Many tasks can be solved using modern machine learning (ML) algorithms, which are...

203. Online Data Reduction for the ePIC dRICH Using a Multi-FPGA Neural Network

Cristian Rossi (INFN Sezione di Roma)

28/05/2026, 16:20

Data Acquisition and Trigger Architectures

Oral presentation

The ePIC detector at the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) includes a dual-radiator Ring Imaging Cherenkov sub-detector (dRICH) in its forward region providing particle identification capabilities over a wide momentum range. The system is partitioned into six sectors, each instrumented with ∼53k Silicon PhotoMultipliers (SiPMs) featuring single-photon sensitivity, and transmits hit data over ∼320k...

48. Implementation of New Time Protocols on CTS Board for Clock Synchronization

Genie Jhang (Michigan State University (US))

28/05/2026, 16:40

Data Acquisition and Trigger Architectures

Oral presentation

Event building from different data sources generated by data acquisition (DAQ) electronics modules is an important task for successful physics experiments. Timestamp-based event building is one of the methods widely used conventionally and is becoming more challenging with the introduction of new timing protocols. On the other hand, not every electronics requires to be replaced by new ones in...

191. Triggerless Data Acquisition for Online Reconstruction in High-Rate Experiments

Yifeng Wang (ETH Zurich (CH))

28/05/2026, 17:30

Data Acquisition and Trigger Architectures

Oral presentation

Traditional triggerer DAQ performs explicit hardware rate control: only events passing a fast trigger are fully read out. This reduces throughput and buffering demands, but can lose physics because the decision uses partial detector information and a short time window, and it imposes pipeline buffering on the trigger-latency timescale.

Triggerless (free-running/streaming) DAQ streams...

67. CGEM -IT Data Acquisition system

Gianluigi Cibinetto (Universita e INFN, Ferrara (IT))

28/05/2026, 17:50

Data Acquisition and Trigger Architectures

Oral presentation

A dedicated full readout chain has been developed for the inner tracker CGEM (Cylindrical Gas Electron Multiplier) of BESIII, the Beijing electron-positron spectrometer, which was installed at the end of 2024 to replace the inner drift chamber.
It consists of a dedicated ASIC, called TIGER, and a readout module based on the ARRIA-V FPGA, called GEMROC. The system reads out about 10,000...

79. Studies of FPGA accelerated track reconstruction for the ATLAS Event Filter

Kevin Sedlaczek (Northern Illinois University (US))

28/05/2026, 18:10

Data Acquisition and Trigger Architectures

Oral presentation

The upcoming high-luminosity phase of the LHC (HL-LHC) presents several challenges for the ATLAS experiment's Trigger and Data Acquisition system, necessitating a full upgrade of the system. A key challenge for the Event Filter, where high-level event reconstruction and final event selection will run at 1 MHz, lies in the computational demand for online track reconstruction within the Inner...

88. Status and testing of the MDT Trigger Processor for the ATLAS Level-0 Muon Trigger at HL-LHC

Rimsky Alejandro Rojas Caballero (University of Massachusetts (US))

28/05/2026, 18:30

Data Acquisition and Trigger Architectures

Oral presentation

The Monitored Drift Tube Trigger Processor (MDT-TP) will improve the rate capabilities of the first-level muon (L0 Muon) trigger of the ATLAS Experiment during the operation of the HL-LHC.

Preliminary information about a muon trigger candidate, obtained by other muon trigger subsystems, will be combined with the precision of the MDT chambers in order to improve the muon momentum resolution,...

92. Data Acquisition Architecture in TELE-NEURART project

Dr Donato Romano (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare - Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy)

28/05/2026, 18:50

Data Acquisition and Trigger Architectures

Oral presentation

TELE-NEURART is an Italian-scale virtual paediatric network aimed at advancing the management of neurodevelopmental disorders through (i) tele-monitoring in ecologically valid home settings, (ii) remote telerehabilitation protocols, and (iii) AI-driven identification of digital biomarkers to support personalised yet nationally standardisable care pathways. The network connects specialised...