Speaker
Description
We investigate the dynamics of first-order phase transitions by studying the impact of both soft fluctuations and higher-dimensional operators on bubble wall velocities. Focusing on Higgs–gauge theories, we compute the bubble wall velocity using a finite-temperature effective theory with a cubic scalar potential supplemented by a dimension-six operator. We further incorporate next-to-leading-order corrections from soft fluctuations through the scalar-field Green’s function and connect our results to ultraviolet completions such as $\mathrm{SU}(2)$ + Higgs theory. Finally, we compare the quantitative importance of higher-order corrections in the soft sector with that of hard-scale-induced higher-dimensional operators, clarifying their respective roles in determining bubble wall dynamics.