Speaker
Description
Many deep inelastic scattering (DIS) experiments conducted on hadrons by leptons on the experimental site have produced important data on the distribution of partons within hadrons. Theoretical analysis of distribution at the various kinematical regions of small-$x$ (Bjorken's $x$) and $Q^2$ of DIS experiments is facilitated by the use of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) evolution equations. The QCD evolution equation that has been extensively investigated in the context of small-$x$ is the Balitsky-Kovchegov (BK) equation. It has been demonstrated at HERA that gluons are the only source of the main contribution in the parton distribution functions (PDFs) of protons at small-$x$. Hence, understanding the proton's structure requires a thorough examination of the gluon distribution at small-$x$. We recently presented an analytical solution to the BK equation. In this work, the presented solution is utilised to estimate the gluon distribution or the gluon density at small-$x$ at various $x$ and $Q^2$ values using the color dipole description of QCD. We present a comparison between our estimated integrated gluon density and the gluon density predicted by the LHAPDF global parameterization groups CT18 and NNPDF3.1sx. Both the HERA and the most current LHC data with highly precise PDF sensitivity measurements are included in the LHAPDF datasets. We also check the behaviour of the gluon density with the variation of color dipole size by plotting the rate of rise of the gluon distribution as a function of $x$ for different color dipole sizes. We found that the rate of rise of gluon density increases with decreasing $x$ for small values of color dipole sizes. The behaviour of gluon distribution at small-$x$ has great implications for phenomenology at the upcoming high-energy hadron-hadron and lepton-hadron colliders.
