Speaker
Description
Methodological study of solar energetic particles (SEPs) gives the basis to reveal their origin, acceleration and also top constrain the models of their propagation in the interplanetary space. It is believed that SEPs are produced following solar eruptive processes, such as solar flares and/or coronal mass ejections. SEPs can be accelerated to approximately 10 GeV/n range, yet the bulk are with energies of about 100 MeV/n. When SEPs are in the GeV range, they can induce a particle shower in the Earth’s atmosphere in which secondaries can be registered by ground-based detectors, such as neutron monitors (NMs). This class of events is called ground-level enhancements (GLEs). The current solar cycle 25 produced several events, namely the quite interesting event that occurred on 11 May 2024 observed during the deep phase of a significant Forbush decrease and one of the greatest geomagnetic storms as well the event on 11 November 2025, which was among the strongest ones. Here we present results from observations and analysis of the GLE events of solar cycle 25, focusing on the spectral and angular characteristics of the SEPs. Possible acceleration mechanisms based on the obtained results are discussed.