Speaker
Description
We present a perspective on achieving practical quantum advantage in the era of early fault-tolerant quantum computers (early FTQC). We begin with a brief overview of recent progress in quantum error correction, which has demonstrated initial error suppression but remains far from large-scale fault tolerance, and then identify the central bottlenecks for early FTQC, including the substantial space–time overhead of error correction, the cost of non-Clifford operations, and limitations in decoding and control. To address these challenges, we introduce our group’s recent advances in architecture, compilation, and error correction, including methods for reducing T-count, enabling efficient logical analog rotations, and developing scalable low-overhead decoding strategies. Finally, we present resource estimates for scientifically and industrially relevant applications, highlighting regimes in which early FTQC devices with realistic physical error rates and qubit counts may achieve meaningful computational advantage.