We present a study of the mass spectrum of fully bottom ($bb\bar{b}\bar{b}$) tetraquark states using a Regge phenomenology-based approach. Interpreting these tetraquarks as diquark–antidiquark bound systems, we employ quasi-linear Regge trajectories in the ($J,M^2$) plane to examine their mass behavior. Within this framework, we establish linear and quadratic mass inequalities that impose...
Hadronization in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collision (UHIC) experiments can be effectively described by the quark coalescence mechanism. Within this framework, sum rules for flow coefficients naturally emerge, wherein the flow harmonic $v_n$ of a hadron is expressed as the sum of the corresponding $v_n$ of its constituent quarks. The application of these sum rules requires the consideration...
Heavy flavor mesons serve as crucial probes of the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) in heavy-ion collisions at RHIC and LHC facilities. Precise theoretical predictions of their decay properties in vacuum are essential baseline measurements for understanding medium modifications in hot QCD matter. Using the factorisation approach, this work presents a comprehensive study of two-body nonleptonic decays...
Magnetars, a rare class of neutron stars, are known for their ultra-strong magnetic fields and high-energy emission variability. Their origin, evolution, and interactions especially with black holes present unique challenges to astrophysical models. This study investigates the dynamic behavior of magnetar–black hole systems, focusing on how hidden dark matter, either distributed in their local...
We present a method to determine the masses of heavy quarkonium mesons modified by medium effects at finite temperature and density by solving the radial Schrödinger equation with a complex heavy-quark potential derived from an improved Gauss law model. This potential incorporates medium screening through a temperature- and density-dependent Debye mass parameter, featuring a real part that...
The investigation of the QCD phase transition and the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) formation in high-energy nuclear collisions continues to be a central focus in modern nuclear physics. While traditionally associated with heavy-ion collisions, recent studies suggest that QGP-like droplets may also emerge in high-multiplicity proton-proton (pp) events. Motivated by these findings, the present study...
In this work, we investigate the scattering cross section for heavy quark using the Dual QCD potential within the framework of the Born approximation. The scattering cross section is presented as a function of momentum. This study is further extended to calculate the relaxation time and analyze its dependence on temperature.
Using the relativistic flux tube model with spin effects, we present an investigation of the mass spectra of the $\Xi_{bc}$ and $\Xi'_{bc}$ baryons. This quark--diquark approach treats each baryon as a (bc) diquark bound to a light quark by a rotating string-like flux tube, incorporating spin dependent interactions. Our predicted masses for the ground-state $\Xi_{bc}$ and $\Xi'_{bc}$ align...
Relativistic heavy-ion collisions generate a deconfined state of nuclear matter known as the quark-gluon plasma (QGP), along with extremely strong magnetic fields (~10¹⁸–10¹⁹ Gauss) in non-central events. These fields can significantly modify the transport properties of the QGP, such as its conductivity and viscosity. In this work, we numerically investigate the QGP evolution using the...
In this study, we calculate the mass spectra of singly charmed pentaquark states using the hypercentral constituent quark model (HCQM). The pentaquark is treated as a bound system consisting of two diquarks and an antiquark, with their interactions described by a potential that includes both a linear confining term and a Coulomb term. To account for the fine structure of the mass spectra,...
We present a comparative study of key transport coefficients—electrical conductivity ($\sigma$), thermal conductivity ($\kappa$), shear viscosity ($\eta$), and the Lorenz number ($\kappa/\sigma T$) by using different models: Hadron Resonance Gas (HRG) model, the Nambu–Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model, and effective chiral model. By examining their dependence on temperature and net baryon density, our...
