India is a founder-member country to participate in the construction of international multipurpose accelerator facility called the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) at Darmstadt, Germany. Bose Institute, Kolkata, has been designated as the Indian shareholder of the FAIR GmbH and the nodal Indian Institution for managing the FAIR programme from India.
Indian participation in...
In this talk, I will discuss in-medium jet modifications observed in heavy-ion collisions at the STAR experiment. I will also present upcoming measurements and their underlying physics at this conference.
Collision of heavy nuclei at relativistic energies provide a unique opportunity to study the behavior of strongly interacting matter under extreme conditions of temperature and density. Till date such collisions are only known way for laboratory investigation of a possible phase transition from hadronic matter to a plasma of de-confined quarks and gluons as well as the restoration of the...
A hot topic at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is the production of anti-nuclei. In ultra high-energy collisions, nuclei with very low binding energies are not expected to survive the dense and hot final state environment. The traditional view of nuclei production has been that antinuclei form via coalescence after the hot environment has dissipated. However, statistical thermal models, where...
In addition to the magnetic field, a huge amount of vorticity is expected to be produced in non-central heavy-ion collisions at TeV energies. This vorticity or rotation ($\omega$) can affect the evolution of the system and, hence, the phase diagram of the QCD matter, which is one of the important research areas for both the theoretical and experimental high-energy physics community. In this...
We examine symmetric and asymmetric cumulants as well as rapidity-even dipolar flow in ${}^{16}$O+${}^{16}$O collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 200$~GeV to explore $\alpha$-clustering phenomena in light nuclei within the viscous relativistic hydrodynamics framework. Imprints of $\alpha$-clustering manifest in the anisotropic flow coefficients and their correlations---particularly in observables...
Double parton scattering (DPS) processes provide a way to study the multi-parton interactions and spatial and momentum correlations within the hadrons. While traditional DPS studies use simple models like the "pocket formula", recent QCD-based approaches with parton splittings and correlations offer a more dynamic view. This study analyzes DPS at the LHC, focusing on same-sign WW, WZ, and ZZ...
The quark-gluon plasma (QGP), a transient state of deconfined quarks and gluons governed by quantum chromodynamics (QCD), existed microseconds after the Big Bang and can be recreated in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collision experiments. Probing its properties requires a detailed understanding of the spatio-temporal structure of the particle-emitting sources at the time of freeze-out. In this...
In a recent study, it was proposed that the rapidity odd directed flow splitting of proton and anti-proton observed in relativistic heavy ion collisions can be explained by incorporating the baryon diffusion effect into the hydrodynamic evolution of the strongly interacting matter created in heavy-ion collisions. However, extracting this coefficient from hydrodynamic simulations is a...
In heavy-ion collisions, the pseudorapidity density distribution of charged particles is a fundamental observable that encodes important information about the collision dynamics. In this study, we analyze the pseudorapidity distributions of charged particles from Au+Au collisions at center-of-mass energies ranging from $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 19.6$ GeV to 200 GeV (RHIC energies), and Pb+Pb collisions...
Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGADs) based on 4H-Silicon Carbide (SiC) are
promising for fast timing applications in high radiation environments, offering advan-
tages over traditional Si LGADs due to their superior material properties. A key chal-
lenge remains the design of robust edge termination that maintains high breakdown
and stable gain after heavy irradiation. In this work, we...
The ALICE collaborations at the LHC and the STAR collaboration at RHIC have observed the spin alignment of various vector mesons such as $\phi$, $K^{*0}$, $J/\psi$, and $\Upsilon$ (1S) in heavy-ion collisions. This spin alignment can be induced by the formation of a vorticity field during these collisions. In addition to the vorticity field, the magnetic field and momentum-space anisotropies...
We investigate the quenching of b-jets and c-jets in Pb–Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 5.02$ TeV using the JETSCAPE framework, incorporating multiple parton energy loss models including MATTER, LBT, and AdS/CFT. These models collectively capture both the perturbative and non-perturbative stages of in-medium jet evolution, enabling a comprehensive study of mass- and flavor-dependent jet...
From low-energy semiconductor devices to strongly interacting hadronic matter, the thermoelectric coefficients encode deep information about the system's dynamics in response to non-zero gradients. What makes thermoelectricity truly beautiful is its dual nature: it is both the window into the microscopic dynamics of constituents of matter and a bridge to macroscopic energy conversion, where...
The Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) is a prominent class of Micro Pattern Gaseous Detectors (MPGDs), widely used in high-energy physics experiments, medical imaging, and radiation monitoring due to their excellent spatial resolution, high rate capability, and robustness against discharges. A GEM foil typically consists of a thin polyamide layer coated with copper on both sides, with a high...
This work explores the effect of the geometry of the nucleus in the p-$^{16}$O, $^{16}$O-$^{16}$O and $^{20}$Ne-$^{20}$Ne collisions at LHC energies with the PYTHIA Monte Carlo event generator in Angantyr framework. Angantyr models heavy-ion collisions as a superposition of independent nucleon-nucleon (NN) collisions, without incorporating collective effects. We construct tetrahedral structure...
We present a study of the mass spectrum of fully bottom ($bb\bar{b}\bar{b}$) tetraquark states using a Regge phenomenology-based approach. Interpreting these tetraquarks as diquark–antidiquark bound systems, we employ quasi-linear Regge trajectories in the ($J,M^2$) plane to examine their mass behavior. Within this framework, we establish linear and quadratic mass inequalities that impose...
Hadronization in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collision (UHIC) experiments can be effectively described by the quark coalescence mechanism. Within this framework, sum rules for flow coefficients naturally emerge, wherein the flow harmonic $v_n$ of a hadron is expressed as the sum of the corresponding $v_n$ of its constituent quarks. The application of these sum rules requires the consideration...
Heavy flavor mesons serve as crucial probes of the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) in heavy-ion collisions at RHIC and LHC facilities. Precise theoretical predictions of their decay properties in vacuum are essential baseline measurements for understanding medium modifications in hot QCD matter. Using the factorisation approach, this work presents a comprehensive study of two-body nonleptonic decays...
Magnetars, a rare class of neutron stars, are known for their ultra-strong magnetic fields and high-energy emission variability. Their origin, evolution, and interactions especially with black holes present unique challenges to astrophysical models. This study investigates the dynamic behavior of magnetar–black hole systems, focusing on how hidden dark matter, either distributed in their local...
We present a method to determine the masses of heavy quarkonium mesons modified by medium effects at finite temperature and density by solving the radial Schrödinger equation with a complex heavy-quark potential derived from an improved Gauss law model. This potential incorporates medium screening through a temperature- and density-dependent Debye mass parameter, featuring a real part that...
The investigation of the QCD phase transition and the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) formation in high-energy nuclear collisions continues to be a central focus in modern nuclear physics. While traditionally associated with heavy-ion collisions, recent studies suggest that QGP-like droplets may also emerge in high-multiplicity proton-proton (pp) events. Motivated by these findings, the present study...
In this work, we investigate the scattering cross section for heavy quark using the Dual QCD potential within the framework of the Born approximation. The scattering cross section is presented as a function of momentum. This study is further extended to calculate the relaxation time and analyze its dependence on temperature.
Using the relativistic flux tube model with spin effects, we present an investigation of the mass spectra of the $\Xi_{bc}$ and $\Xi'_{bc}$ baryons. This quark--diquark approach treats each baryon as a (bc) diquark bound to a light quark by a rotating string-like flux tube, incorporating spin dependent interactions. Our predicted masses for the ground-state $\Xi_{bc}$ and $\Xi'_{bc}$ align...
Relativistic heavy-ion collisions generate a deconfined state of nuclear matter known as the quark-gluon plasma (QGP), along with extremely strong magnetic fields (~10¹⁸–10¹⁹ Gauss) in non-central events. These fields can significantly modify the transport properties of the QGP, such as its conductivity and viscosity. In this work, we numerically investigate the QGP evolution using the...
In this study, we calculate the mass spectra of singly charmed pentaquark states using the hypercentral constituent quark model (HCQM). The pentaquark is treated as a bound system consisting of two diquarks and an antiquark, with their interactions described by a potential that includes both a linear confining term and a Coulomb term. To account for the fine structure of the mass spectra,...
We present a comparative study of key transport coefficients—electrical conductivity ($\sigma$), thermal conductivity ($\kappa$), shear viscosity ($\eta$), and the Lorenz number ($\kappa/\sigma T$) by using different models: Hadron Resonance Gas (HRG) model, the Nambu–Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model, and effective chiral model. By examining their dependence on temperature and net baryon density, our...
Exploring the in-medium properties of different mesons such as their masses and decay width may play a significant role in understanding the related experimental observables. In this work we focus on the modifications in the properties of pseudoscalar $K$ and vector $\phi$ mesons in the dense hadronic medium using the chiral SU(3) hadronic mean field model. We consider the hadronic medium...
Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), the fundamental theory governing the strong interaction, remains a important area of study due to the ongoing challenges in fully understanding its internal dynamics, even after extensive research. Hadron spectroscopy, a specialized field within particle physics, focuses on exploring the spectrum of hadrons. This field seeks to uncover the intrinsic properties and...
Neutron stars are among the most fascinating and extreme astrophysical objects in the universe, offering a unique laboratory for probing the properties of ultra-dense matter—at densities exceeding that of atomic nuclei. In this talk, I will provide a brief overview of neutron star properties from both theoretical and observational perspectives. I will also explore the potential observational...
Wigner distributions offer a multidimensional phase–space representation of quarks, simultaneously encoding spatial and momentum correlations. They form a natural bridge between generalized parton distributions (GPDs) and transverse–momentum–dependent distributions (TMDs), providing direct access to quark orbital angular momentum (OAM). In this talk, I will present the light-front formulation...
Inspired by a recent observation of enhancement in the dilepton rate from a magnetized QCD medium [1], we utilize a hydrodynamic model framework to incorporate the impact of the space-time evolution of the system on such properties [2]. In particular, we investigate the transverse momentum ($p_T$) spectra and even flow harmonics such as $v_2$ and $v_4$ with a focus on the impacts of the...
The mechanism responsible for (anti)nuclei production in ultrarelativistic hadronic collisions remains a subject of active scientific debate. Two leading frameworks, the statistical hadronisation model and the coalescence model, are commonly employed to interpret experimental data. In the coalescence scenario, multi-baryon states are produced when baryons that are close in phase space at...
The measurement of quarkonium production is a powerful tool for investigating both perturbative and non-perturbative aspects of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) in proton-proton (pp) collisions, as well as the properties of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) in heavy-ion collisions. Quarkonia are golden probes of the QGP evolution, with their yields influenced by suppression and (re)generation of...
The study explores how heavy quarkonia behave in a hot quark-gluon plasma (QGP) that is both magnetized and exhibits finite momentum anisotropy. The concept of inverse magnetic catalysis is considered, which impacts the Debye screening mass altered by the magnetic field, and in turn affects the effective quark masses. Our findings show that both the momentum anisotropy and inverse magnetic...
We constrain the nuclear matter equation of state within the relativistic mean field model by including the isoscalar-vector and isovector-vector coupling term at a fundamental level using the Bayesian analysis. We used the nuclear saturation properties and recent astrophysical observations to constrain the dense matter equation of state. We obtained about 20000 sets of equations of states out...
By constructing a formal solution to the moment equations of the Boltzmann equation within the relaxation time approximation, we identify the key step that allows relativistic hydrodynamics to capture non-gradient corrections: the elevation of anisotropies to independent dynamical fields with their own evolution equations. This highlights a conceptual distinction between the gradient expansion...
Charmonia ($c\bar{c}$) states are believed to undergo considerable suppression, if quark-gluon plasma (QGP) is formed in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. However, a precise identification of the "anomalous" suppression pattern and its interpretation as a signature of color deconfinement demands a detailed understanding of charmonium production and suppression in proton-nucleus ($p+A$)...
We investigate the transport properties of quark matter under conditions of momentum anisotropy using the Polyakov chiral quark mean-field (PCQMF) model. Momentum anisotropy naturally arises in systems out of equilibrium, such as the early stages of relativistic heavy-ion collisions or the interior of compact stars. Understanding the impact of such anisotropy on transport coefficients is...
The Wiedemann-Franz (WF) law states that the ratio of electrical and thermal conductivity, multiplied by temperature, remains constant in conventional metals- an outcome well-explained by Fermi gas and Fermi liquid theory[1]. However, this law breaks down in many-body systems. Notably, quark or hadronic matter produced in high-energy nuclear collisions at RHIC and LHC does not obey the WF...
The prime focus of the work is to determine the electric, thermal and thermoelectric transport coefficients of a hot pion gas in the presence of time-dependent background magnetic fields. The thermoelectric effect is analyzed by examining the magneto-Seebeck and Nernst coefficients in the hot pionic medium under such conditions. Furthermore, the phenomenologically relevant elliptic flow...
Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) detectors are widely used in high-energy physics experiments because of their high rate handling capability and outstanding position resolution. In the Muon Chamber (MuCh) of the future Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment, detector efficiency is a key performance parameter.
This study focuses on the behavior of different GEM detectors under prolonged...
Dileptons have long been recognized as a clean and penetrating probe of the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) formed in high-energy heavy-ion collisions. In this work, we study the thermal dilepton spectra and their elliptic flow by analyzing the dynamical conductivity that enters the dilepton production rate. This conductivity is extracted from the trace of the spectral function, derived using...
In this work, we studied the in-medium behavior of quarkonia (charmonium) in a hot QCD medium using a modified kinetic theory framework that includes momentum-dependent relaxation times. The longitudinal gluon self-energy and Debye screening mass are computed within the one-loop hard thermal loop approximation, incorporating non-equilibrium corrections. We analyze how the quarkonium potential,...
Recent results from collisions of small systems (e.g. pp, p-Pb) have revealed QGP-like signatures challenging our present understanding about the conditions required to form a Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) [1]. Notably, long-range azimuthal correlations, also known as the “ridge”, suggest the presence of collective behavior — a hallmark of QGP — even when only a few nucleons are involved in the...
The thermoelectric power or Seebeck coefficient of graphene and quark gluon plasma (QGP) produced in the relativistic heavy ion collision experiment exhibits significant deviation compared to the conventional Mott relation. This deviation highlights the unique transport properties and strongly interacting quantum fluid behaviors of both the graphene and QGP cases. Near the charge neutrality...
In this work, we investigate the thermodynamics of light hadronic matter in a two-flavour system using the Hadron resonance gas (HRG), Nambu–Jona-Lasinio (NJL), and Chiral models. The study is relevant for exploring the quantum chromodynamics (QCD) phase structure at low energies, particularly in the context of the FAIR-CBM and NICA experiments. Key observables such as pressure, entropy,...
We explore the in-medium modification of the $J/\psi$ meson mass in symmetric nuclear matter at zero and finite temperatures using an effective Lagrangian combined with a QCD sum-rule approach. The $J/\psi$ self-energy is evaluated via the $DD$, $D^*D$, and $D^*D^*$ meson loops, with medium effects incorporated through $D$ and $D^*$ meson masses computed in the hadronic chiral SU(3) model and...
We investigate isobaric collisions (Ru+Ru and Zr+Zr) at RHIC to study how nuclear structure influences the initial conditions and the subsequent evolution of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP). Though identical in mass number, the nuclei differ in proton number and structure, Ru is expected to have a quadrupole deformation, while Zr exhibits octupole features. These differences result in distinct...
The chiral model is among the effective QCD models that provide non-perturbative estimates in the intermediate density regime inaccessible to LQCD and pQCD. Within this model, increasing density or chemical potential leads to a reduction of the quark condensate and constituent quark mass, ultimately restoring chiral symmetry [1]. This work aims to provide a kinetic theory based, non-pQCD...
Traditionally, the phase space of produced particles in relativistic heavy ion collisions has been studied in terms of Fourier basis that decompose the azimuthal distribution giving rise to the well known flow coefficients. However, very little has been done in the radial direction to analyse the transverse momentum dependence beyond simple 'eye estimation'. We introduce a systematic 2-D...
We investigate the in-medium properties of heavy quarkonia by studying the medium modified heavy-quark potential in a hot and dense QCD medium under finite baryonic chemical potential (μb) and anisotropy (ξ). The real and imaginary components of the potential are computed using a static gluon propagator within the quasiparticle model framework. The real part is employed to solve the...
The transverse momentum dependent observable $v_{0}(p_\mathrm{T})$ has recently emerged as a novel probe of radial expansion in high-energy heavy-ion collisions. Using Pb$-$Pb collision data at $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}} = 5.02$ TeV recorded with the ALICE detector, measurements of $v_{0}(p_\mathrm{T})$ for pions, kaons, and protons are performed across a broad range of collision centralities. A...
We present numerical simulations of stochastic fluid dynamics with a conserved charge coupled to the momentum density of the fluid. This theory is known as model H, and it is expected to describe universal dynamics in the vicinity of a possible critical endpoint in the QCD phase diagram. We verify dynamical scaling, extract the scaling exponent z, and compute the renormalization of shear...
In this talk, I will cover the recent results on collectivity measurements at RHIC.
We present analytical solutions of relativistic hydrodynamics for systems with cylindrical symmetry, incorporating boost-invariant longitudinal expansion and Hubble-like transverse flow. We also discuss an analytical solution for a spherically expanding system with Hubble-like symmetry. For both cases, we calculate hadron transverse momentum spectra on a constant-temperature freeze-out...
Light (anti-)nuclei and hypernuclei are loosely bound objects whose production in high-energy collisions provides a unique window into the late-stage dynamics of the system. Their formation is typically described either through coalescence of nucleons at kinetic freeze-out or via thermal production at chemical freeze-out, and comparisons between these scenarios remain a subject of active...
Recent measurements in high-multiplicity pp and p$-$Pb collisions at the LHC have shown that small systems exhibit similar phenomena traditionally associated with heavy-ion collisions, such as strangeness enhancement, finite radial-flow and azimuthal anisotropy. These effects challenge the notion that such systems can be modelled as incoherent superpositions of parton-parton scatterings, as...
The quark-gluon plasma (QGP) produced in relativistic heavy-ion collision experiments exhibits collective behavior that can be effectively described using a relativistic hydrodynamic framework. In recent years, the experimental observation of spin polarization in various hadrons has opened a new avenue for probing the non-trivial vortical structure of the QGP medium. This has motivated the...
The observation of collective-like behaviors in pp and p–Pb collisions at LHC energies has sparked debate about the similarities between the dynamics of small systems and heavy-ion collisions. In this talk, our latest published results are presented, showing baryon-meson v2 grouping (within 1 sigma) and significant splitting (approximately 5 sigma) at intermediate pT in high-multiplicity p–Pb...
In this work we discuss the hard dense loop perturbation theory approach for studying the thermodynamics of strongly magnetized dense quark matter. The study has been confined to one loop self-energy of quarks and gluons respectively, for calculating the free energy of the system. Thermodynamic quantities such as pressure, magnetization, second-order quark number susceptibility, and speed of...
Inspired by recent observations, we attempt to investigate the existence of a QGP-like medium in $p-p$ collisions. The $p-p$ being a small collision system implies comparable transverse and longitudinal
dimensions, leading to rapid cooling of the medium. Consequently, it changes the dynamics of charmonium states, which is highly unlike the charmonium dynamics in heavy-ion collisions. We use...
Jet is a collimated shower of particles produced from the fragmentation of high energetic partons in high energy collisions. Jet measurements provide a testing ground of the pQCD calculations while in heavy-ion collisions they help to probe the medium. In this talk I will focus on the recent results of jet measurements at LHC. The recent interesting results from small collision systems will...
The surface tension under one loop correction at finite chemical potential is calculated. Due to the effect of the chemical potential in this one loop correction, the formation of stable bubble/droplet is obtained with the value of quark and gluon parametrization in the range of gamma_{q} = 1/8 and 24 gamma_{q} less than and equal to gamma_{g} less tahn and equal to 30 gamma_{q}. It implies...
