The effects of climate change make atmospheric CO2 reductions a necessity. This effort is mostly represented by Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS): the removal of CO2 from the atmosphere and its transport to safe and permanent storage. Injecting, trapping and storing CO2 within the subsurface requires a deep understanding of the geological and geophysical processes that are involved. At the pore...
Over the past decades, numerous observations and model studies have provided substantial evidence that energetic particle precipitation (EPP) affects the chemistry and dynamics of the stratosphere. Concurrently, the significance of stratospheric dynamics, particularly in winter short-range and seasonal forecasts, has been highlighted. However, there has been little effort to integrate the...
It has been a long-standing problem in quantum integrability whether Reshetikhin's condition, which provides a three-local conserved charge, implies the existence of sufficient many mutually commuting local charges that guarantee integrability. In an attempt to answer this question, I reveal the discrete conformal algebra hidden in Yang-Baxter integrable 1D systems, and propose a practical...
By means of laser optical pumping and Larmor-resonance detection, it is possible to use the naturally occurring sodium layer in the mesosphere to measure Earth’s magnetic field magnitude at 90 km above ground. This is an altitude otherwise only accessible by rockets, which only will provide point measurements of very short time scales.
In December 2019, for the first time, we were able to...
Multiphase flow in a porous media is a widespread phenomenon with significance spanning from daily life to cutting-edge scientific fields and has hence been studied for centuries. Notable examples in geophysics include environmental cleanup, CO2 sequestration, and water purification. When one fluid phase displaces another inside a porous medium, intricate dynamics plays out across diverse...
Topological ideas have come to the forefront of condensed matter physics
in recent decades, since the discovery and subsequent explanation of the
integer quantum Hall effect. Today, these ideas are showing up in various
subfields, and play important roles in guiding future theoretical
and experimental research.
A more recent direction in this field is to couple topological ideas
with...
Radionuclides are important both for diagnostic and treatment of cancer. 86Y is a candidate for positron emission tomography (PET) and, when employed together with 90Y, is amenable for thernostics. Theranostics can be done using either a self-theranostic nuclide, where the same radionuclide is used in both diagnosis and treatment, or by using two different radionuclides (a theranostic pair),...
The diffusion of spin-waves or magnons in magnetic insulators is a promising candidate for sending signals in spintronic-based logical units that can outperform classical electronic current-based devices.
We present numerical simulations of magnon transport at finite temperature and its dependence on the material thickness in antiferromagnetic (AFM) insulators with material parameters from...
The pygmy dipole resonance (PDR) is commonly associated with an excess $E1$ strength on top of the low-energy tail of the giant dipole resonance (GDR) close to the neutron-separation energy in stable and unstable heavy nuclei. While its detailed structure, properties, and origin remain a matter of ongoing debates and research, the neutron-skin oscillation picture of this feature still prevails...
The Predictable Quantum Efficient Detector (PQED) is an internationally recognized primary standard for optical power measurements, with its core technology developed entirely in Norway. Led by Justervesenet, the Chip S⋅CALe project focused on producing practically loss-free photodiodes, along with three independent methods to quantify residual losses—shown to be below 10 ppm. These methods...
The changes of nuclear deformation across the nuclear chart are among the fundamental questions in nuclear structure. The neutron rich region around mass 100 is particularly interesting for its rapid shape transitions, which make it a good testing ground for various theoretical models. The ruthenium chain is believed to contain one of the strongest cases for highly deformed triaxial shape...
A major challenge in cancer chemotherapy is the targeted delivery of drugs to tumor cells. Enhanced delivery to tumor tissue can be achieved by loading drugs into nanoparticles (NPs), leveraging the enhanced permeability and retention effect, which promotes NP extravasation into the tumor. However, NPs often accumulate near blood vessels instead of spreading throughout the tissue due to...
The nuclear physics group at the University of Oslo (UiO) and the Oslo Cyclotron Laboratory (OCL) have developed a method, known as the Oslo method, to extract the nuclear level density(NLD) and Gamma-ray strength function (GSF). These quantities are important because they are inputs that are used in the Hauser-Fesbach statistical model calculations. These calculations are used to predict...
In nuclear fission, a heavy nucleus typically divides into two fission fragments. The fragments are observed to have an angular momentum of 6-7 $\hbar$ on average, the mechanism behind this generation of angular momentum is still not fully understood. One approach to investigate the angular momentum of the fragments is to measure the isomeric yield ratio (IYR) i.e. the population fraction of...
Since 2018, physicists at the radiotherapy department at St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, have developed Python scripts for automating VMAT treatment planning in RayStation for several tumor localizations [1,2]. VMAT delivers conform radiation doses to tumor volumes while sparing the nearby organs at risk (OARs). Automation reduces the time spent on planning while keeping, or improving,...
The Oslo Cyclotron Laboratory (OCL) have developed a method, known as the Oslo method, to extract the nuclear level density (NLD) and $\gamma$-ray strength function (GSF) simultaneously from particle-$\gamma$ coincidence measurements. So far, the method has been tested and found successful for (more exotic) deformed rare-earth nuclei and for weakly deformed 148,149Sm nuclei. For lighter...
Ultra-fast outflows (UFOs) of plasma from actively accreting galactic nuclei (AGN) are large-scale, mildly relativistic flows of highly ionised material. The interaction of these outflows with the interstellar medium can lead to the formation of collisionless shocks that are potential sites for the acceleration of elementary particles to ultra-high energies ("cosmic rays"). We study the...
Millisecond pulsars (MSPs) are rapidly spinning neutron stars often found in close binary systems with a companion star. Some of these systems, known as spiders, experience a process where the pulsar’s intense radiation gradually strips away material from its companion. These systems are classified into two types: redbacks (RBs), where the companion has a mass between 0.1 and 0.5 times the...
Compact binary millisecond pulsar systems contain a rapidly rotating neutron star, or pulsar, and a companion star. The pulsar wind contains high energy particles that can heat, or irradiate, the companion, and we can observe the effects of this in optical data of the companion. These systems can host the most massive pulsars and to accurately calculate their masses, we model the optical light...
Tidal disruption events are extremely energetic astrophysical transients. They emit radiation in a multitude of wavelength ranges except gamma-rays. The tidal disruption event AT2019azh is a very interesting one as it is one of the closest ones we have observed, and it is also one of the brightest ones. In this talk, I will present what we can learn about the physical properties of AT2019azh...
Compact binary millisecond pulsars (spiders) are short-period binary systems consisting of a millisecond pulsar and a low-mass companion. These systems emit across the entire electromagnetic spectrum and are particularly bright in gamma-rays. Pulsed gamma-ray emission has been observed in many of these systems and is believed to originate from the neutron star's current sheet. Some spiders...
While acoustics is a well established discipline in academia with a broad range of applications, it easily suffers from a lack of visibility in higher education, especially for students at the start of their university studies. Moreover, the transverse nature of acoustics makes it difficult to find a suitable place for the discipline at a university. This may explain why NTNU has been...
What is the maximum mass of a neutron star, above which it collapses into a black hole? The answer to this seemingly simple question has far-reaching implications for nuclear physics, astrophysics, and the emerging field of gravitational wave astronomy. Despite its importance - particularly in determining the equation of state of ultra-dense matter - this crucial quantity is still poorly...
This study examines the Multi-MOX (MMOX) strategy for plutonium multi-recycling in PWRs using the CLASS fuel cycle simulation tool. MMOX involves blending reprocessed plutonium from various sources to produce viable fresh nuclear fuel. While MMOX significantly curtails the growth of the plutonium inventory, it does not stabilize it entirely in the long term. Although lower burnup reduces...
For large high-voltage power cables, such as the export cables connecting offshore windfarms to shore, a key design challenge is calculating the cable’s current-carrying capacity: the maximum current it can carry without exceeding a specified temperature limit. For complex cable designs, such as three-core cables with metallic screens and steel-wire armor, commercial Finite Element Method...
One of the major processes in stars is helium burning, which consists of two main parts that produce $^{12}\mathrm{C}$ and $^{16}\mathrm{O}$. Helium burning is the primary source of $^{12}\mathrm{C}$ and $^{16}\mathrm{O}$, the two most abundant elements after hydrogen and helium. The second part of helium burning is the process of an $\alpha$ particle being captured by a $^{12}\mathrm{C}$...
In our daily life, gravity is always an attractive force. After Hubble discovered the expansion of the Universe in 1929, it has been usual to think that the expansion of the Universe must be decelerating, although there have also been other ideas. In fact, Einstein first in 1917 inserted the “cosmological constant” in his equations, as a kind of universal repelling force, to allow a static...
I want to take you on a journey through the last ten years of my field of research - 4D live microscopy. Live microscopy allows us to observe living cells in real-time and capture dynamic processes as they unfold and evolve in 3D space. This capability provides invaluable insights into the complex and dynamic nature of biological systems, as well as stunning imagery. I’ll be focusing on...
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive brain tumor with an average survival of 15 months due to tumor recurrence or invasion. It accounts for roughly 50% of primary brain tumors. The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies Glioblastoma as a tumor of the Central Nervous System (CNS) of grade 4, the most malignant in the classification scale.
Currently, the standard treatment for...
Da kvantefysikken vokste fram for drøyt hundre år siden, utgjorde den et paradigmeskifte i vår forståelse av naturen, og spesielt av naturens minste bestanddeler. Den har i lang tid fascinert folk også langt utenfor fysikernes rekker og nærmest vært litt myteomspunnen. Etter hvert har kvantefysikken også fått uvurderlig betydning for den teknologiske utviklingen. Kvanteteknologi, med uante...
We are in the middle of what has been called the second quantum revolution, where precise control over systems that obey the laws of quantum physics enable progress in many technologies, e.g., computers, sensors, and communication devices. In this presentation, I will explain what quantum technology is based on and what it can be used for. I will also give an overview of the Swedish efforts in...
The Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope (FAST) has recently discovered hundreds of new pulsars, including an unusual millisecond pulsar (PSR J1932+2121) in a close binary system. Unlike most rapidly spinning millisecond pulsars in compact orbits, this one rotates every 14.2 milliseconds, making it at least two times slower than typical pulsars of its kind in the Galactic field. It...
