Conveners
Poster 1
- Martin Grossmann (Paul Scherrer Institut)
Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC) aims at achieving a MW- class proton accelerator facility. One of the promissing solutions for increasing the beam power in Main Ring (MR) is to shorten the repetition period from current rating of 2.48 second to 1.3 second in the future. We have a plan to replace and develop the power convereters of main magnets for this upgrade. Accoding to...
Scientific experiments rely on some type of measurements that provides the required data to extract aimed information or conclusions. Data production and analysis are therefore essential components at the heart of any scientific experimental application.
Traditionally, efforts on detector development for photon sources have focused on the properties and performance of the detection front-ends....
To cope with the enhanced luminosity at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in 2021, the ATLAS collaboration is planning a major detector upgrade. As a part of this, the Level 1 trigger based on calorimeter data will be upgraded to exploit the fine granularity readout using a new system of Feature EXtractors (FEX), which each reconstruct different physics objects for the trigger selection.
The...
The ATLAS Liquid Argon Calorimeter (LAr) Phase-I trigger upgrade requires high-speed, low-latency data transmission to read out the LAr Trigger Digitizer Board (LTDB). A dual-channel transmitter ASIC LOCx2 have been designed and produced. In order to ensure all the LOCx2 chips behave properly, a Quality Assurance have to be conducted before assembly. The problem I am trying to solve in this...
We design a high speed, high resolution data acquisition system(DAS) with 1Gsps sampling rate and 12-bit resolution, mainly applying to nuclear and particle physics experiments. The system consists of two PXIe-1084 chassis, each containing a controller card and 16 data acquisition cards at most. For every single card, the signal conditioning module incorporates one high precision Op Amps...
With the rapid development of network protocol, TCP/IP has been widely applied in various OS systems because of its advantages of high-speed network transmission and standardization. Furthermore, TCP/IP has the functions of retransmission and flow control, so it can ensure data's security and stability. In recent years, as a transmission Field-bus, it is also widely used in high-energy physics...
For a cable based sensor network, power line loss restricts the cable length and cable copper diameter. In this paper, we propose a time stretch method to reduce the power line loss for a sensor network. A sensor network usually works in burst mode, when it works a high current consumption is required, while in idle state it need little power energy. This method uses a super capacitor to...
The LHCb experiment at CERN is currently completing its first big data taking campaign at the LHC started in 2009. It has been collecting data at more than 2.5 times its nominal design luminosity value and with a global efficiency of ~92%. Even more striking, the efficiency between online and offline recorded luminosity, obtained by comparing the data quality output, is close to 99%, which...
In recent years, high speed and high resolution analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is widely employed in many physical experiments, especially in high precision time and charge measurement. The rapid increasing amount of digitized data demands faster computing. FPGA acceleration has an attracting prospect in data process for its stream process and parallel process feature. In this paper, an ADC...
The control systems of all neutron scattering instruments implemented by the Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) are based on Siemens PLC technology. Historically PROFIBUS has been used for the communication of PLCs with supervisory computers, decentral periphery systems and other PLCs. Today, PROFINET IO is the most commonly used industrial real time Ethernet system and naturally...
The readout architecture introduced in this paper is intended for small to medium size physics experiments that have moderate bandwidth needs, and applications that require ultimately low background radioactivity front-end components. I detail a protocol based on time division multiplexing to transport from a back-end unit over a low speed fanout network – which could simply consist of a...
At large zenith angles the slant atmospheric depth to the ground level
is sufficient to absorb the early part of the shower that follows from
the standard cascading interactions, both of electromagnetic and hadronic type.
Nucleon induced showers are initiated at the top of the atmosphere.
For very inclined showe only muons
in showers survive. The fronts of deeply penetrating muon
showers...
In this paper, we propose a hybrid clock synchronization architecture for a cascaded sensor network based on GPS time service and synchronous frame protocol. The sensor's upper-level unit is called sensor management unit (SMU) which synchronizes the local clock with the GPS and then use the broadcast sync frame to synchronize the clock of the sensor chain. In this paper, we build a link of 20...
The Tile Calorimeter (TileCal) is one detector of the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). TileCal is a sampling calorimeter made of steel plates and plastic scintillators which are readout using approximately 10,000 Photo-Multipliers Tubes (PMTs).
In 2024, the LHC will undergo a series of upgrades towards a High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) to deliver five times the current...
High-speed DAC and ADC boards as important parts of quantum computers are used to control and read out the states of qubits, their manipulation complexity is rapidly increasing as the number of qubits boosts. The low efficiency of communication, imperfections of electronic device and the coherent control of the qubits are gradually highlighted, which have become the bottleneck to scale up the...
The CMS Level-1 trigger upgrade system consists of several layers of electronics with a large number of homogeneous cards based on the Micro-TCA(uTCA) standard. The CPPF(Concentration Pre-Processing and Fan-out)system belongs to one of the electronic layers, covering the Muon RPC Overlap and Endcap region, and provides preprocessing algorithm for track finding. It includes, in hardware, eight...
The Near infrared Sky Brightness Monitor(NISBM) aims to measure near infrared sky background of Kunlun station in Antarctic. NISBM mainly consists of an InGaAs detector with TEC cooling, a chopper and a scanning mirror. The scanning mirror can be controlled to rotate to scan the sky from 0°to 180°. Electromechanical control and weak signal readout functions are accomplished by the same circuit...
Measurement-device-independent quantum-key-distribution protocol (MDIQKD), which is immune to all hacking attacks on detection, guarantees the security of information theoretically even with single-photon detectors, whose performance is not perfect. Fiber channel is used by the previous MDIQKD experimental device. However, the signal attenuation increases exponentially along with the...
A serial link transmitter for CMOS image sensors in subatomic physics experiment is developed. It encodes 256-bit/10 MHz payload with two interleaved RS(31, 27) codes and transmits serialized data with a CML driver at 3.2 Gb/s data rate. With the RS codes, at most 4 symbols in the transmission could be corrected, corresponding to a 20-bit consecutive bits error. A charge-pump PLL generates 1.6...
The Belle II experiment at the SuperKEKB e+e- collider in KEK, Japan does start physics data-taking from early of 2018 with primary physics goal that is to probe the New Physics effect using heavy quark and lepton weak decays. During trigger and DAQ operation upon beam collision, it is important that Belle II detector status have to be monitored during data-taking against an unexpected...
The high-luminosity LHC will provide 5-7 times higher luminosites than the orignal design. An improved readout system of the ATLAS Liquid Argon Calorimeter is needed to readout the 182,500 calorimeter cells at 40 MHz with 16 bit dynamic range in these conditions. Low-noise, low-power, radiation-tolerant and high-bandwidth electronics components are being developed in 65 and 130 nm CMOS...
The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) is a general-purpose detector operating at the LHC. The CMS Electromagnetic Calorimeter (ECAL), based on PbWO4 crystals, has shown excellent performance with a very stable data acquisition system even during higher LHC luminosity peaks.
ECAL DAQ system follows a modular and scalar schema. During the data taking, the Front End electronics is prone to occasional...
The Belle II experiment is just starting, to search for physics beyond the Standard Model in $B$, charm and $\tau$ decays using data with the integrated luminosity goal of $50 ~\mathrm{ab}^{-1}$. Before the final data taking, Belle II phase 2 run is on-going at the time of the conference, until July 2018. In this presentation, we describe the environmental monitor system with the emphasis...
For a reliable and robust operation of free-electron lasers with bunch-arrival time variations on the sub-10fs scale, the short-term and long-term RF stability of the cavity field is a crucial factor. The long-term RF stability depends mainly on temperature and humidity changes acting on various electronic subcomponents of the accelerator. For the European XFEL we used a drift compensation...
A fixed latency Serializer-Deserializer(SerDes) is useful in detector electronics for the synchronization and triggering of data acquisition. It is not a common default feature of FPGA transceiver protocol packaging, but it can be custom built by logic in the FPGA fabric.
In this application we have a Xilinx Virtex-5 FPGA driving several GTP fiber transceivers from cards housed in a VXS crate...
The LHCb (Large Hadron Collider beauty) experiment is designed to study differences between particles and anti-particles as well as very rare decays in the charm and beauty sector at the LHC. The detector will be upgraded in 2019 and a new trigger-less readout system will be implemented in order to significantly increase its efficiency and take advantage of the increased machine...
A faster implementation of the Quadratic Programming (QP) solver used in the Model Predictive Control scheme for ITER Plasma current and shape control was developed for Xilinx Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) platforms using a high-level synthesis approach. The QP solver is based on the dual Fast Gradient Method (dFGM). The dFGM is essentially an iterative algorithm, where matrix-vector...
The ESRF has undertaken the implementation of a data acquisition framework for 2D-Xray detectors called RASHPA. It allows detectors to push data directly into one or more backend computers due to its RDMA feature. In principle, RASHPA is independent of the high speed data link type as long as it supports RDMA and network routability in order to dispatch data to multiple destinations. In a...
Superconducting niobium cavities are main accelerating components in various research facilities. These installed in the European X-ray Free Electron Laser and other free electron lasers are operated in high gradient range (above 20 MV/m). Electron beam acceleration is realized in short (1-2ms) pulse mode in some devices or in continuous wave in case of others.
EXFEL or FLASH have been...
Superconducting Radio Frequency (SRF) cavities are used in modern accelerators to efficiently accelerate particles. When cavity is supplied with pulsed RF field it undergoes a mechanical strain due to the Lorentz force. The resulting deformation causes dynamic detuning whose amplitude depends on mechanical properties of the cavity, RF pulse rate and their profile. This effect causes...
In modern electron positron colliders, both the electron and the positron runs in the tunnel, such as Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC) to be built and Beijing Electron Positron Collider (BEPCII). To guarantee good quality of the beam, beam diagnostics is indispensable. To achieve beam measurement of the electron and positron beams, picking up of these two different bunches in real...
CBM (Compressed Baryonic Matter) is mainly used to study QCD phase diagram of strong interactions in high and moderate temperature region. Before the next generation GBTx based CBM DAQ system is built up, the DPB (Data Processing Board) layer is used in data readout and data pre-processing, where a general FPGA FMC carrier board named AFCK is used. This paper mainly describes the management of...
The Belle II experiment, a new generation B-factory experiment, is
about to start data taking from April this year. The data acquisition
system (DAQ) is now ready and waiting for the beam commissioning.
The data are processed by the High Level Trigger(HLT) equipped with
1600 cores. A high granurality parallel processing is
performed to keep up with the L1 trigger up to 30kHz with a...
A key ingredient of the data taking strategy used by the LHCb experiment at CERN in Run-II is the novel real-time detector alignment and calibration. Data collected at the start of the fill are processed within minutes and used to update the alignment, while the calibration constants are evaluated hourly. This is one of the key elements which allow the reconstruction quality of the software...
See the attached abstract and summary.
The J-PARC Main Ring (MR) is a high intensity proton synchrotron, which accelerates protons from 3 GeV to 30 GeV.
The MR delivers $2.4¥times10^{14}$ protons per pulse, which corresponds to the beam power of 470 kW,
to the neutrino experiment as of February 2017,
and the studies to reach higher beam intensities are in progress.
During studies, we observed the longitudinal dipole...
The ability and flexibility of the Open Computing Language (OpenCL) for task parallelization in heterogeneous computing platforms (FPGA, CPU, GPU) represent a remarkable advantage when designing advanced data acquisition and processing systems. This work shows a specific implementation of an adaptive probabilistic disruption predictor for fusion devices. This implementation uses OpenCL as...
In 2017 the LHC provided proton-proton collisions to the ATLAS experiment with high luminosity (up to 2.06x10^34), placing stringent operational and physical requirements on the ATLAS trigger system in order to reduce the 40 MHz collision rate to a manageable event storage rate of 1 kHz, while not rejecting interesting physics events. The Level-1 trigger is the first rate-reducing step in the...
Modern high-energy particle accelerators and free-electron lasers incorporate large quantities of sensitive RF and microwave frequency devices distributed over kilometer distances. Such devices require extreme stable phase and time synchronization by means of high frequency signal distributed along the accelerator facility.
Coaxial cables are commonly used to distribute the reference signal...
The Majorana Demonstrator is a neutrinoless double-beta decay
experiment using high purity p-type point contact germanium detectors.
The waveforms produced by these detectors have subtle variation indicating the detailed energy and drift path information for each event. In
addition, the waveforms depend sensitively on crystal impurity levels, temperature, and operating voltage. We have...
The Belle II experiment at KEK in Japan start beam collision from early of 2018 to probe a New Physics beyond the Standard Model by measuring CP violation precisely and rare weak decays of beauty, charm quark and tau lepton. The experiment is performed at the SuperKEKB e+e- collider with 80×10^{34}cm^{−2}s^{−1} as an ultimate instantaneous luminosity. In order to develop and test an...
In the field of High Energy Physics experiments, high-speed serial links implemented on SRAM-based FPGAs have been extensively used in the trigger and data acquisition systems. Their application has been usually limited to the off-detector electronics, due to SRAM-based FPGA susceptibility to ionizing radiation effects. However, in order to use these devices in radiation environments,...
The trigger selection capabilities of the ATLAS detector have been significantly enhanced for the LHC Run-2 in order to cope with the higher event rates and with the large number of simultaneous interactions (pile-up) per proton-proton bunch crossing. A new hardware system, designed to analyse real time event-topologies at Level-1 came to full use in 2017. A hardware-based track reconstruction...
The betatron tune, which is defined as the number of transverse oscillations in one turn of a ring accelerator, must be precisely controlled. This is because particular betatron tunes drastically increase the amplitudes of the oscillations so that many particles are lost from the ring sooner than designed. Since the betatron tune is controlled by the magnetic fields in the ring, the ripple of...
One of the optimization goals of a particle accelerator is to reach the highest possible beam peak current. For that to happen the electron bunch propagating through the accelerator should be kept relatively short along the direction of its travel. In order to obtain a better understanding of the beam composition it is crucial to evaluate the electric charge distribution along the µm-scale...
The aim of the ITER Radial Neutron Camera Data Acquisition prototype is to sustain a 2 MHz peak event for each channel with 128 samples of 16 bits per event. The data is acquired and processed using an IPFN FPGA Mezzanine Card (FMC-AD2-1600) with 2 digitizer channels of 12-bit resolution sampling up to 1.6 GSamples/s, based on a PCIe evaluation board from Xilinx (KC705) installed in the host...
Please see the attached abstract and summary document.
Quantum computers can solve some specific problems which are deeply believed to be intractable for classical computers. However, building large-scale quantum computers should face lots of challenges. The high-precision synchronous control of all qubits is one of the key techniques we address.
Our system serves the Superconducting quantum computing which requires plenty of arbitrary waveform...
The ATLAS detector which is one of the four experiments at Large Hadron Collider will fulfill Phase-I upgrade to extend the frontier of particle physics. The upgrade will replace the inner detector (Small Wheel, SW) of the end-cap muon spectrometer with the “news mall wheel” detector (NSW), which consists of the Small-strip Thin Gap Chamber(sTGC) and Micromegas (MM). The Pad Front End Board...
Single photon source is an important part of quantum key distribution (QKD) system. In current, single photon source in QKD system is large in size and complex in structure. And the miniaturization of source is the development trend of QKD system. We integrate laser driver electronic module into one single ASIC chip, which can be used to drive the laser and we can greatly reduce the volume of...
A full parallel Reed Solomon encoder is developed for a 3.2 Gbps serial transmitter. The code structure is two interleaved RS(31,27) codes. One RS(31,27) code has 135 information bits and 20 redundancy bits. A frame has the information rate of 0.844 and provides the capability of correcting 20 bits consecutive errors. Two encoder modules work in parallel and send the encoded data to an...
Real-time track reconstruction in high energy physics experiments at colliders running at high luminosity is very challenging for trigger systems. To perform pattern-recognition and track fitting, artificial Retina or Hough transformation algorithms have been introduced in the field which have usually to be implemented in the state of the art FPGA devices. In this paper we report on two...
The purpose of Equatorial Port Plug 12(EPP#12) is to provide common platform, support/container for five diagnostic plant systems and one glow discharging cleaning system(GDC). As port integrator, a team from Institute of Plasma Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences(CASIPP) performs the design work. The Instrument and Control(I&C) is an important part of system design. The main I&C functions...
Belle2link(B2link) is an unified data collection system providing front-end data readout from all individual sub-detector systems, and at the same time providing on the other side of the system at the backend slow control functionalities to the frontend electronics for parameter settings. That is, via the links downward, slow control commands can be transmitted from backend to the frontend,...
A variable-delay optical interferometer with 128 actively selectable delays and a technique of active phase stabilization were innovatively designed and applied for the first time in the experiment of round-robin differential phase shift quantum key distribution (RRDPS-QKD). According to the RRDPS protocol, larger number of delay channels in interferometer can ensure higher tolerance of bit...
The timing system focuses on synchronizing and coordinating each subsystem according to the trigger signals. The former timing system was based on commercial off-the-shelf devices and a set of synchronized optical network which was made up of several pairs of multi-mode fibers. The expensive PXI devices and inconvenient extension methods compel maintainers to upgrade the timing system to meet...
The design and performance of the ATLAS Inner Detector (ID) trigger
algorithms running online on the High Level Trigger (HLT) processor
farm for 13 TeV LHC collision data with high pileup are discussed. The
HLT ID tracking is a vital component in all physics signatures in the
ATLAS Trigger for the precise selection of the rare or interesting
events necessary for physics analysis without...
The Address in Real Time (ART) Data Driver Card (ADDC) is designed to transmit the trigger data in the Micromegas detector of the ATLAS New Small Wheel (NSW) upgrade. The ART signals are generated by the front end ASIC, named VMM chip, to indicate the address of the first above-threshold event. A custom ASIC (ART ASIC) is designed to receive the ART signals from the VMM chip and do the...
On one side, traditional data acquisition systems based on servers are widely used in high energy experiments. Because challenges from high data throughput, low latency, low power consumption and low cost, this traditional solution is hard to face them. On the other side, the community of Field Programmable Gate Array become large and mature, many functions such as 1 Gaps TCP/IP communication...
KTX (Keda Tours eXperiment) is a new RFP (reversed field pinch) device at the University of Science and Technology of China. The unique double-C design of the KTX makes modifications and investigations of power and particle control easy, but the error field of slit zone in the new design should not be neglected. The objective of this paper is to introduce a new active feedback control system...
MARST (Multi-channel Antarctic Solar Telescope) aims to observe the Sun in multiple wavebands at Antarctic. It will be the Chinese first Solar telescope in Antarctic. The telescope has two tubes, corresponding to Photosphere observation which uses 11 filters and Chromosphere observation in Hα waveband. We need to coordinate two tubes to observe at the same time. The telescope will observe the...
The Level-1 Barrel Trigger of the ATLAS Experiment is based on Resistive Plate Chambers (RPC) detectors. The on-detector trigger electronics identifies muons with specific values of transverse momentum (pT) using of coincidences between different layers of detectors. Trigger data is then transferred from on-detector to the off-detector trigger electronics boards. Data is processed by a complex...
Electronics developments are ongoing for the trigger readout of the ATLAS Liquid-Argon Calorimeter towards the Phase-I upgrade scheduled in the LHC shut-down period of 2019-2020. The LAr Trigger Digitizer system will digitize 34000 channels at a 40 MHz sampling with 12 bit precision after the bipolar shaper at the front-end system, and transmit to the LAr Digital Processing system in the...
To meet the increasing demand from user community, China is now building a world-class spallation neutron source, called CSNS(China Spallation Neutron Source). It can provide users a neutron scattering platform with high flux, wide wavelength range and high efficiency. CSNS construction is will completed in this year. There are three neutron instruments in CSNS, which are GPPD, SANS and RM....
The uTCA Fast Control board (uFC) is an FPGA-based µTCA compatible Advanced Mezzanine Card (AMC) for generic control and data acquisition applications in high energy physics (HEP) experiments. Built around the Xilinx Kintex-7 FPGA, the uFC provides users with a platform which has access to on-board FPGA Mezzanine Card (FMC) sockets with a large array of configurable I/O and high-speed links up...
Absrtact: Motor is the most widely used production equipment in industrial field. In order to realize the real-time state monitoring and multi-fault pre-diagnosis of three-phase motor, this paper presents a design of three-phase motor condition monitoring and fault diagnosis system based on LabVIEW.The multi-dimensional vibration acceleration, rotational speed, temperature and current and...
The Superconducting Quantum Computing (SQC) is one of the most promising quantum computing techniques. The SQC requires precise control and acquisition to operate the superconducting qubits. Ultra-precision DC source is used to provide a DC bias for the qubit to work at its operation point. The commercial precise DC sources are used in single or few qubits experiments. With the development of...
Upgrade of reflectometry is ongoing on Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) for more comprehensive measurement of plasma density profile and fluctuation. To satisfy requirements of upgraded reflectometry, a new Data Acquisition and Control System(DACS) has been developed.
The profile reflectometry works in 30-110GHz (X-mode) and 40-90GHz(O-mode) with 5 receivers. Each receiver...
Integrators are fundamental instruments to recover differential signals from magnetic probes in Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) experiments. While previous analog integrators are single-ended input, which has low common mode rejection ration (CMRR), a kind of difference integrator is introduced which has the same structure as the standard difference amplifier. The linear...
Data transmission systems are widely used in various aspects of life, industry, research and other fields, many of them require multi-hop transmission to achieve coverage extension and throughput enhancement, such as Wireless Mesh Network (WMN), Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET), Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) and so on. The biggest problem of multi-hop transmission lies in that end-to-end...
VIVADO High Level Synthesis was used to design the first stage of the 3-staged CLAS12 Trigger System. It was implemented using Xilinx Virtex7-based VXS trigger processor board specifically designed to be used in the system. Trigger System was successfully complete and used during physics run in Jefferson Lab. Our experience with HLS is described.
Experiments in nuclear and plasma physics require real-time monitoring. In the past, dedicated control applications have been written for graphical display of process parameters. Modern web technologies allow nowadays the control and monitoring of real-time processes directly from any browser. This has the advantage that no software has to be installed, software updates are automatically...
