I will survey recent and emerging HPC technologies appearing in the marketplace, such as GPU’s and CPU's, and highlight the challenge of targeting all of these efficiently with a single program or simulation code. Some consideration will be given to the single node performance, multi-mode scaling performance and the use of modern 100Gbit/s+ interconnects. The effects of variable node...
During the next major shutdown (2019-2020), the ATLAS experiment at the LHC at CERN will adopt the Front-End Link eXchange (FELIX) system as the interface between the data acquisition, detector control and TTC (Timing, Trigger and Control) systems and new or updated trigger and detector front-end electronics. FELIX will function as a router between custom serial links from front-end ASICs and...
In order to optimise its physics reach in the LHC Run3, for the years 2020 and beyond, the LHCb Collaboration decided to re-optimise the detector and the data acquisition system. The new detector will operate at the LHC bunch-crossing frequency of 40~MHz, without a first level hardware trigger. The implementation of the data-acquisition and of the online computing system for the software...
The upgraded High Luminosity LHC, after the third Long Shutdown (LS3) will provide an instantaneous luminosity of 7.5 10**34 cm-2 s-1 (levelled), with a pileup of up to 200 interactions per bunch crossing. During LS3, the CMS Detector will undergo a major upgrade to prepare for the Phase-2 of the LHC physics program, starting around 2026.
The upgraded CMS detector will be read out at an...
The ATLAS Tile Calorimeter (TileCal) is the central section of the hadronic calorimeter of the ATLAS experiment. This sampling calorimeter uses steel plates as absorber and scintillating tiles as active medium. The light produced by the passage of charged particles is transmitted by wavelength shifting fibers to photo-multiplier tubes (PMTs), located in the outer part of the calorimeter. The...
As the data rate produced by modern particle physics experiments increases, the demands on the computing performance of data selection processes grow. Therefore, Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) are being considered for this task. This talk focuses on their use in the online event selection for the Mu3e experiment and within studies of track reconstruction for the LHCb experiment.
The Mu3e...
It has become evident that the development of a Level 1 tracking trigger system is crucial for the success of the HL-LHC physics program at the CMS experiment. The high pile-up and high occupancy conditions anticipate an input data rate into the tracking trigger system of ~100 Tbps. This, combined with the 4 s latency required the L1 track finding trigger stage introduce an unprecedented set...
The LHC is expected to increase its instantaneous luminosity to 3.0 × 10^34
cm^(-2)s^(-1) after the 'Phase-1' upgrade scheduled from 2019 to 2020. In order to cope with the high luminosity, an upgrade of the ATLAS trigger system is required. The level-1 Endcap Muon trigger system identifies muons with high transverse momentum by combining data from a fast muon trigger detector, TGC, and some...
The sPHENIX Collaboration at RHIC is upgrading the PHENIX detector in
a way that will enable a comprehensive measurement of jets in
relativistic heavy ion collisions. The upgrade will give the
experiment full azimuthal coverage within a pseudorapidity range of
$-1.1 < \eta < 1.1$.
Since the last conference, we have make significant progress with the
readout of our calorimeters, which work...
A high resolution X-ray imaging system based on ALPIDE, a CMOS monolithic active pixel sensor (MAPS), is presented. ALPIDE is a 15 mm × 30 mm large MAPS with 512 × 1024 27 µm × 29 µm pixels that are read out in a binary hit/no-hit fashion, and with the control and readout system, it can detect the max particle rate of 100 MHz / cm$^2$, and achieve the spatial resolution of around 5 µm. The...
Neutrino-less Double Beta Decay (0$\nu\beta\beta$) is an important tool to study absolute neutrino mass and nature of neutrino (Majorana or Dirac particle). Moreover, this phenomenon signals the violation of lepton number conservation, and it has not been observed so far. CANDLES experiment aims to obtain the 0$\nu\beta\beta$ from $^{48}Ca$. This measurement is a big challenge due to the...
Digital off-detector electronics in trigger and data acquisition systems of High-Energy Physics experiments is often implemented by means of SRAM-based FPGAs, which make it possible to achieve reconfigurable, real-time processing and multi-gigabit serial data transfers. On-detector usage of such devices is mostly limited by their configuration sensitivity to radiation-induced upsets, which may...
Metallic Magnetic Calorimeters (MMCs) are calorimetric low-temperature particle detectors that are currently strongly advancing the state-of-the-art in energy-dispersive single particle detection. MMCs are typically operated at temperatures well below 100 mK and make use of a metallic, paramagnetic temperature sensor to transduce the temperature rise of the detector upon the absorption of an...
Jefferson Lab has recently completed the upgrade of CEBAF to 12 GeV. This project included improvements to, or rebuilding of, existing detectors and adding a fourth major
detector, GlueX. Over the next ten years further detector upgrades and new detectors are planned to take advantage of the high luminosity and energy of CEBAF. In parallel a new accelerator, the Electron Ion Collider is being...
Throughout the last decade, ATCA solidified its position as one of the main standards for advanced Physics instrumentation, in particular hard real-time control and data acquisition applications, using PCIe as the preferred communications protocol.
ATCA offers not only highly performant characteristics in data throughput, channel density or power supply/dissipation capabilities, but also...
Pattern recognition associative memory (PRAM) devices are parallel processing engines which are used to tackle the complex combinatorics of track finding algorithms, particularly for silicon based tracking triggers. PRAM development has been mostly limited to the realm of ASICs, which often leads to lengthy and expensive design cycles. FPGAs allow for quick iterations, making them an ideal...
The MEG II experiment at Paul Scherrer Institut aims at a sensitivity improvement on $\mu^+\rightarrow e^+\gamma$ decay by an order of magnitude with respect to the former MEG experiment while keeping the same detection strategy. This is possible thanks to an higher segmentation of all detectors, which improves the resolutions and helps coping with twice muon stopping rate, mandatory to...
In this talk we present the Pulsar3a, our next generation full mesh enabled FPGA-based ATCA processing board. Originally motivated by silicon-based tracking trigger needs for HL-LHC experiments, the Pulsar3a is designed with the goal of creating a scalable architecture abundant in flexible, non-blocking, high bandwidth interconnections. Based on Xilinx Ultrascale FPGAs, the Pulsar3a represents...
In high energy physics experiment trigger systems, block memories are utilized for various purposes, especially in binned searching algorithms. In these algorithms, the storages are demanded to perform like a large set of registers. The writing and reading operation must be performed in single clock cycle and once an event is processed, the memory must be globally reset. These demands can be...
An experiment to measure the spectral modification of vector mesons in nuclear medium is planned as the J-PARC E16. It will start at a J-PARC high momentum beam line in FY 2019. The number of total detector channels is 112,996.
The trigger decision is made from 2,620 ch discriminator output signals. The number is too large to handle with one module, therefore we have developed a new trigger...
The low level rf (LLRF) control system for the rapid cycling synchrotron of the
Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC) started its operation in
2007. The key functions of the LLRF control system are the dual harmonic auto
voltage control, which generates superposed voltages of the fundamental
accelerating harmonic and the second harmonic in a single wideband magnetic
alloy (MA)...
Many modern large-scale facilities, like European X-ray Free Electron Laser (E-XFEL), require precise synchronisation, often down to femtosecond level. Even a very short interruption or an excessive glitch in the reference signal might break the precise time relations between subsystems. In such event, a time-consuming resynchronization process is required that renders the facility not...
As an important prototype of Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) far detector, ProtoDUNE single phase (ProtoDUNE-SP) with a total liquid argon (LAr) mass of 770 ton, represents the largest monolithic single-phase LAr TPC detector to be built to date. The detector elements, consisting of 6 Anode Plane Assemblies (APAs), 3 Cathode Plane Assemblies (CPAs), are housed in a cryostat that...
Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC) aims at achieving a MW- class proton accelerator facility. One of the promissing solutions for increasing the beam power in Main Ring (MR) is to shorten the repetition period from current rating of 2.48 second to 1.3 second in the future. We have a plan to replace and develop the power convereters of main magnets for this upgrade. Accoding to...
To cope with the enhanced luminosity at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in 2021, the ATLAS collaboration is planning a major detector upgrade. As a part of this, the Level 1 trigger based on calorimeter data will be upgraded to exploit the fine granularity readout using a new system of Feature EXtractors (FEX), which each reconstruct different physics objects for the trigger selection.
The...
The ATLAS Liquid Argon Calorimeter (LAr) Phase-I trigger upgrade requires high-speed, low-latency data transmission to read out the LAr Trigger Digitizer Board (LTDB). A dual-channel transmitter ASIC LOCx2 have been designed and produced. In order to ensure all the LOCx2 chips behave properly, a Quality Assurance have to be conducted before assembly. The problem I am trying to solve in this...
We design a high speed, high resolution data acquisition system(DAS) with 1Gsps sampling rate and 12-bit resolution, mainly applying to nuclear and particle physics experiments. The system consists of two PXIe-1084 chassis, each containing a controller card and 16 data acquisition cards at most. For every single card, the signal conditioning module incorporates one high precision Op Amps...
With the rapid development of network protocol, TCP/IP has been widely applied in various OS systems because of its advantages of high-speed network transmission and standardization. Furthermore, TCP/IP has the functions of retransmission and flow control, so it can ensure data's security and stability. In recent years, as a transmission Field-bus, it is also widely used in high-energy physics...
For a cable based sensor network, power line loss restricts the cable length and cable copper diameter. In this paper, we propose a time stretch method to reduce the power line loss for a sensor network. A sensor network usually works in burst mode, when it works a high current consumption is required, while in idle state it need little power energy. This method uses a super capacitor to...
In recent years, high speed and high resolution analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is widely employed in many physical experiments, especially in high precision time and charge measurement. The rapid increasing amount of digitized data demands faster computing. FPGA acceleration has an attracting prospect in data process for its stream process and parallel process feature. In this paper, an ADC...
The control systems of all neutron scattering instruments implemented by the Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) are based on Siemens PLC technology. Historically PROFIBUS has been used for the communication of PLCs with supervisory computers, decentral periphery systems and other PLCs. Today, PROFINET IO is the most commonly used industrial real time Ethernet system and naturally...
The readout architecture introduced in this paper is intended for small to medium size physics experiments that have moderate bandwidth needs, and applications that require ultimately low background radioactivity front-end components. I detail a protocol based on time division multiplexing to transport from a back-end unit over a low speed fanout network – which could simply consist of a...
At large zenith angles the slant atmospheric depth to the ground level
is sufficient to absorb the early part of the shower that follows from
the standard cascading interactions, both of electromagnetic and hadronic type.
Nucleon induced showers are initiated at the top of the atmosphere.
For very inclined showe only muons
in showers survive. The fronts of deeply penetrating muon
showers...
The Tile Calorimeter (TileCal) is one detector of the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). TileCal is a sampling calorimeter made of steel plates and plastic scintillators which are readout using approximately 10,000 Photo-Multipliers Tubes (PMTs).
In 2024, the LHC will undergo a series of upgrades towards a High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) to deliver five times the current...
High-speed DAC and ADC boards as important parts of quantum computers are used to control and read out the states of qubits, their manipulation complexity is rapidly increasing as the number of qubits boosts. The low efficiency of communication, imperfections of electronic device and the coherent control of the qubits are gradually highlighted, which have become the bottleneck to scale up the...
The CMS Level-1 trigger upgrade system consists of several layers of electronics with a large number of homogeneous cards based on the Micro-TCA(uTCA) standard. The CPPF(Concentration Pre-Processing and Fan-out)system belongs to one of the electronic layers, covering the Muon RPC Overlap and Endcap region, and provides preprocessing algorithm for track finding. It includes, in hardware, eight...
The Near infrared Sky Brightness Monitor(NISBM) aims to measure near infrared sky background of Kunlun station in Antarctic. NISBM mainly consists of an InGaAs detector with TEC cooling, a chopper and a scanning mirror. The scanning mirror can be controlled to rotate to scan the sky from 0°to 180°. Electromechanical control and weak signal readout functions are accomplished by the same circuit...
Measurement-device-independent quantum-key-distribution protocol (MDIQKD), which is immune to all hacking attacks on detection, guarantees the security of information theoretically even with single-photon detectors, whose performance is not perfect. Fiber channel is used by the previous MDIQKD experimental device. However, the signal attenuation increases exponentially along with the...
A serial link transmitter for CMOS image sensors in subatomic physics experiment is developed. It encodes 256-bit/10 MHz payload with two interleaved RS(31, 27) codes and transmits serialized data with a CML driver at 3.2 Gb/s data rate. With the RS codes, at most 4 symbols in the transmission could be corrected, corresponding to a 20-bit consecutive bits error. A charge-pump PLL generates 1.6...
The high-luminosity LHC will provide 5-7 times higher luminosites than the orignal design. An improved readout system of the ATLAS Liquid Argon Calorimeter is needed to readout the 182,500 calorimeter cells at 40 MHz with 16 bit dynamic range in these conditions. Low-noise, low-power, radiation-tolerant and high-bandwidth electronics components are being developed in 65 and 130 nm CMOS...
The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) is a general-purpose detector operating at the LHC. The CMS Electromagnetic Calorimeter (ECAL), based on PbWO4 crystals, has shown excellent performance with a very stable data acquisition system even during higher LHC luminosity peaks.
ECAL DAQ system follows a modular and scalar schema. During the data taking, the Front End electronics is prone to occasional...
The Belle II experiment is just starting, to search for physics beyond the Standard Model in $B$, charm and $\tau$ decays using data with the integrated luminosity goal of $50 ~\mathrm{ab}^{-1}$. Before the final data taking, Belle II phase 2 run is on-going at the time of the conference, until July 2018. In this presentation, we describe the environmental monitor system with the emphasis...
For a reliable and robust operation of free-electron lasers with bunch-arrival time variations on the sub-10fs scale, the short-term and long-term RF stability of the cavity field is a crucial factor. The long-term RF stability depends mainly on temperature and humidity changes acting on various electronic subcomponents of the accelerator. For the European XFEL we used a drift compensation...
A fixed latency Serializer-Deserializer(SerDes) is useful in detector electronics for the synchronization and triggering of data acquisition. It is not a common default feature of FPGA transceiver protocol packaging, but it can be custom built by logic in the FPGA fabric.
In this application we have a Xilinx Virtex-5 FPGA driving several GTP fiber transceivers from cards housed in a VXS crate...
The LHCb (Large Hadron Collider beauty) experiment is designed to study differences between particles and anti-particles as well as very rare decays in the charm and beauty sector at the LHC. The detector will be upgraded in 2019 and a new trigger-less readout system will be implemented in order to significantly increase its efficiency and take advantage of the increased machine...
A faster implementation of the Quadratic Programming (QP) solver used in the Model Predictive Control scheme for ITER Plasma current and shape control was developed for Xilinx Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) platforms using a high-level synthesis approach. The QP solver is based on the dual Fast Gradient Method (dFGM). The dFGM is essentially an iterative algorithm, where matrix-vector...
Superconducting niobium cavities are main accelerating components in various research facilities. These installed in the European X-ray Free Electron Laser and other free electron lasers are operated in high gradient range (above 20 MV/m). Electron beam acceleration is realized in short (1-2ms) pulse mode in some devices or in continuous wave in case of others.
EXFEL or FLASH have been...
Superconducting Radio Frequency (SRF) cavities are used in modern accelerators to efficiently accelerate particles. When cavity is supplied with pulsed RF field it undergoes a mechanical strain due to the Lorentz force. The resulting deformation causes dynamic detuning whose amplitude depends on mechanical properties of the cavity, RF pulse rate and their profile. This effect causes...
In modern electron positron colliders, both the electron and the positron runs in the tunnel, such as Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC) to be built and Beijing Electron Positron Collider (BEPCII). To guarantee good quality of the beam, beam diagnostics is indispensable. To achieve beam measurement of the electron and positron beams, picking up of these two different bunches in real...
A key ingredient of the data taking strategy used by the LHCb experiment at CERN in Run-II is the novel real-time detector alignment and calibration. Data collected at the start of the fill are processed within minutes and used to update the alignment, while the calibration constants are evaluated hourly. This is one of the key elements which allow the reconstruction quality of the software...
See the attached abstract and summary.
The J-PARC Main Ring (MR) is a high intensity proton synchrotron, which accelerates protons from 3 GeV to 30 GeV.
The MR delivers $2.4¥times10^{14}$ protons per pulse, which corresponds to the beam power of 470 kW,
to the neutrino experiment as of February 2017,
and the studies to reach higher beam intensities are in progress.
During studies, we observed the longitudinal dipole...
The ability and flexibility of the Open Computing Language (OpenCL) for task parallelization in heterogeneous computing platforms (FPGA, CPU, GPU) represent a remarkable advantage when designing advanced data acquisition and processing systems. This work shows a specific implementation of an adaptive probabilistic disruption predictor for fusion devices. This implementation uses OpenCL as...
In 2017 the LHC provided proton-proton collisions to the ATLAS experiment with high luminosity (up to 2.06x10^34), placing stringent operational and physical requirements on the ATLAS trigger system in order to reduce the 40 MHz collision rate to a manageable event storage rate of 1 kHz, while not rejecting interesting physics events. The Level-1 trigger is the first rate-reducing step in the...
Modern high-energy particle accelerators and free-electron lasers incorporate large quantities of sensitive RF and microwave frequency devices distributed over kilometer distances. Such devices require extreme stable phase and time synchronization by means of high frequency signal distributed along the accelerator facility.
Coaxial cables are commonly used to distribute the reference signal...
The Majorana Demonstrator is a neutrinoless double-beta decay
experiment using high purity p-type point contact germanium detectors.
The waveforms produced by these detectors have subtle variation indicating the detailed energy and drift path information for each event. In
addition, the waveforms depend sensitively on crystal impurity levels, temperature, and operating voltage. We have...
The Belle II experiment at KEK in Japan start beam collision from early of 2018 to probe a New Physics beyond the Standard Model by measuring CP violation precisely and rare weak decays of beauty, charm quark and tau lepton. The experiment is performed at the SuperKEKB e+e- collider with 80×10^{34}cm^{−2}s^{−1} as an ultimate instantaneous luminosity. In order to develop and test an...
In the field of High Energy Physics experiments, high-speed serial links implemented on SRAM-based FPGAs have been extensively used in the trigger and data acquisition systems. Their application has been usually limited to the off-detector electronics, due to SRAM-based FPGA susceptibility to ionizing radiation effects. However, in order to use these devices in radiation environments,...
The trigger selection capabilities of the ATLAS detector have been significantly enhanced for the LHC Run-2 in order to cope with the higher event rates and with the large number of simultaneous interactions (pile-up) per proton-proton bunch crossing. A new hardware system, designed to analyse real time event-topologies at Level-1 came to full use in 2017. A hardware-based track reconstruction...
The betatron tune, which is defined as the number of transverse oscillations in one turn of a ring accelerator, must be precisely controlled. This is because particular betatron tunes drastically increase the amplitudes of the oscillations so that many particles are lost from the ring sooner than designed. Since the betatron tune is controlled by the magnetic fields in the ring, the ripple of...
One of the optimization goals of a particle accelerator is to reach the highest possible beam peak current. For that to happen the electron bunch propagating through the accelerator should be kept relatively short along the direction of its travel. In order to obtain a better understanding of the beam composition it is crucial to evaluate the electric charge distribution along the µm-scale...
The aim of the ITER Radial Neutron Camera Data Acquisition prototype is to sustain a 2 MHz peak event for each channel with 128 samples of 16 bits per event. The data is acquired and processed using an IPFN FPGA Mezzanine Card (FMC-AD2-1600) with 2 digitizer channels of 12-bit resolution sampling up to 1.6 GSamples/s, based on a PCIe evaluation board from Xilinx (KC705) installed in the host...
Please see the attached abstract and summary document.
Quantum computers can solve some specific problems which are deeply believed to be intractable for classical computers. However, building large-scale quantum computers should face lots of challenges. The high-precision synchronous control of all qubits is one of the key techniques we address.
Our system serves the Superconducting quantum computing which requires plenty of arbitrary waveform...
The ATLAS detector which is one of the four experiments at Large Hadron Collider will fulfill Phase-I upgrade to extend the frontier of particle physics. The upgrade will replace the inner detector (Small Wheel, SW) of the end-cap muon spectrometer with the “news mall wheel” detector (NSW), which consists of the Small-strip Thin Gap Chamber(sTGC) and Micromegas (MM). The Pad Front End Board...
Single photon source is an important part of quantum key distribution (QKD) system. In current, single photon source in QKD system is large in size and complex in structure. And the miniaturization of source is the development trend of QKD system. We integrate laser driver electronic module into one single ASIC chip, which can be used to drive the laser and we can greatly reduce the volume of...
A full parallel Reed Solomon encoder is developed for a 3.2 Gbps serial transmitter. The code structure is two interleaved RS(31,27) codes. One RS(31,27) code has 135 information bits and 20 redundancy bits. A frame has the information rate of 0.844 and provides the capability of correcting 20 bits consecutive errors. Two encoder modules work in parallel and send the encoded data to an...
Real-time track reconstruction in high energy physics experiments at colliders running at high luminosity is very challenging for trigger systems. To perform pattern-recognition and track fitting, artificial Retina or Hough transformation algorithms have been introduced in the field which have usually to be implemented in the state of the art FPGA devices. In this paper we report on two...
The purpose of Equatorial Port Plug 12(EPP#12) is to provide common platform, support/container for five diagnostic plant systems and one glow discharging cleaning system(GDC). As port integrator, a team from Institute of Plasma Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences(CASIPP) performs the design work. The Instrument and Control(I&C) is an important part of system design. The main I&C functions...
Belle2link(B2link) is an unified data collection system providing front-end data readout from all individual sub-detector systems, and at the same time providing on the other side of the system at the backend slow control functionalities to the frontend electronics for parameter settings. That is, via the links downward, slow control commands can be transmitted from backend to the frontend,...
A variable-delay optical interferometer with 128 actively selectable delays and a technique of active phase stabilization were innovatively designed and applied for the first time in the experiment of round-robin differential phase shift quantum key distribution (RRDPS-QKD). According to the RRDPS protocol, larger number of delay channels in interferometer can ensure higher tolerance of bit...
The design and performance of the ATLAS Inner Detector (ID) trigger
algorithms running online on the High Level Trigger (HLT) processor
farm for 13 TeV LHC collision data with high pileup are discussed. The
HLT ID tracking is a vital component in all physics signatures in the
ATLAS Trigger for the precise selection of the rare or interesting
events necessary for physics analysis without...
The Address in Real Time (ART) Data Driver Card (ADDC) is designed to transmit the trigger data in the Micromegas detector of the ATLAS New Small Wheel (NSW) upgrade. The ART signals are generated by the front end ASIC, named VMM chip, to indicate the address of the first above-threshold event. A custom ASIC (ART ASIC) is designed to receive the ART signals from the VMM chip and do the...
On one side, traditional data acquisition systems based on servers are widely used in high energy experiments. Because challenges from high data throughput, low latency, low power consumption and low cost, this traditional solution is hard to face them. On the other side, the community of Field Programmable Gate Array become large and mature, many functions such as 1 Gaps TCP/IP communication...
KTX (Keda Tours eXperiment) is a new RFP (reversed field pinch) device at the University of Science and Technology of China. The unique double-C design of the KTX makes modifications and investigations of power and particle control easy, but the error field of slit zone in the new design should not be neglected. The objective of this paper is to introduce a new active feedback control system...
MARST (Multi-channel Antarctic Solar Telescope) aims to observe the Sun in multiple wavebands at Antarctic. It will be the Chinese first Solar telescope in Antarctic. The telescope has two tubes, corresponding to Photosphere observation which uses 11 filters and Chromosphere observation in Hα waveband. We need to coordinate two tubes to observe at the same time. The telescope will observe the...
The Level-1 Barrel Trigger of the ATLAS Experiment is based on Resistive Plate Chambers (RPC) detectors. The on-detector trigger electronics identifies muons with specific values of transverse momentum (pT) using of coincidences between different layers of detectors. Trigger data is then transferred from on-detector to the off-detector trigger electronics boards. Data is processed by a complex...
Electronics developments are ongoing for the trigger readout of the ATLAS Liquid-Argon Calorimeter towards the Phase-I upgrade scheduled in the LHC shut-down period of 2019-2020. The LAr Trigger Digitizer system will digitize 34000 channels at a 40 MHz sampling with 12 bit precision after the bipolar shaper at the front-end system, and transmit to the LAr Digital Processing system in the...
To meet the increasing demand from user community, China is now building a world-class spallation neutron source, called CSNS(China Spallation Neutron Source). It can provide users a neutron scattering platform with high flux, wide wavelength range and high efficiency. CSNS construction is will completed in this year. There are three neutron instruments in CSNS, which are GPPD, SANS and RM....
The uTCA Fast Control board (uFC) is an FPGA-based µTCA compatible Advanced Mezzanine Card (AMC) for generic control and data acquisition applications in high energy physics (HEP) experiments. Built around the Xilinx Kintex-7 FPGA, the uFC provides users with a platform which has access to on-board FPGA Mezzanine Card (FMC) sockets with a large array of configurable I/O and high-speed links up...
The Superconducting Quantum Computing (SQC) is one of the most promising quantum computing techniques. The SQC requires precise control and acquisition to operate the superconducting qubits. Ultra-precision DC source is used to provide a DC bias for the qubit to work at its operation point. The commercial precise DC sources are used in single or few qubits experiments. With the development of...
Upgrade of reflectometry is ongoing on Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) for more comprehensive measurement of plasma density profile and fluctuation. To satisfy requirements of upgraded reflectometry, a new Data Acquisition and Control System(DACS) has been developed.
The profile reflectometry works in 30-110GHz (X-mode) and 40-90GHz(O-mode) with 5 receivers. Each receiver...
VIVADO High Level Synthesis was used to design the first stage of the 3-staged CLAS12 Trigger System. It was implemented using Xilinx Virtex7-based VXS trigger processor board specifically designed to be used in the system. Trigger System was successfully complete and used during physics run in Jefferson Lab. Our experience with HLS is described.
Experiments in nuclear and plasma physics require real-time monitoring. In the past, dedicated control applications have been written for graphical display of process parameters. Modern web technologies allow nowadays the control and monitoring of real-time processes directly from any browser. This has the advantage that no software has to be installed, software updates are automatically...
The Large Synoptic Survey Telescope Camera (LSSTCam) will be the largest digital camera ever constructed for astronomy. Containing 189 16-megapixel science sensors, it will produce volumes and rates of data more commonly found in large particle physics detectors than astronomical instruments. However, there are features that make the design of the LSSTCam DAQ uniquely challenging.
The 142...
Real time data acquisition systems in nuclear science often rely on high-speed logic designs to reach the fast data rate requirements. They are mostly coded in a hardware description language (HDL). However, in recent years, so-called high level synthesis (HLS) software has appeared, some with the notable advantage that they rely on the widespread C/C++ syntax. This paper's aim is to outline...
Based on the technology of the pixel detector (PXD) at the Belle II experiment @KEK/Japan a
direct electron detector system was developed for time-resolved imaging applications. It consists of
four two-side buttable all silicon modules (512x512 pixels each) capable to capture full frame
images in a burst mode with up to 100 pictures @80k frame rate.
To realize the necessary 26Mbit memory for...
Superconducting quantum computer is manufactured based on semiconductor process which makes Qubits integration possible. At the same time, this kind of Qubit keeps high performance on fidelity, de-coherence time, scalability and requires programmable (arbitrary waveform generator) AWG. In this paper, the AWG is implemented with 2 GSPS sampling rate and 16 bit vertical resolution and integrated...
In 2017, NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) celebrated its 100th year of providing aeronautics research, space technologies, and science missions. Part of NASA Langley’s pioneering research and development has focused on materials and structures with multiple historical contributions in both aeronautics and space. NASA Langley has led space technology development of materials with space...
The data compression technology now is fully developed and widely used in many fields such as communication, multi-media, image information processing and so on. The large physical experiments, especially the ones with Micro-pattern Gas Detectors (MPGD), which always have many readout channels and have a lot of data to be transferred and saved, are however relatively seldom use this...
Due to the lack of results by ‘traditional’ Dark Matter (DM) searches, the experimental activity extended to search for DM hints at different mass scales, through new experiments performed at accelerators. The Beam Dump eXperiment at Jefferson Laboratory aims to reveal dark matter particles produced in the interaction of an intense electron beam with the beam dump.
The electronic board...
The neutron detection system for characterization of emissivity in ITER Tokamak during DD and DT experiments poses serious challenges to the performance of the diagnostic control and data acquisition system (CDAcq). Ongoing design of the ITER Radial Neutron Camera(RNC) diagnostic comprises 26 lines-of-sight(LOS) for complete plasma inspection. CDAcq system aims at meeting ITER requirements of...
The main role of the ITER Radial Neutron Camera (RNC) diagnostic is to measure in Real-Time (RT) the plasma neutron emissivity profile at high peak count rates for a time duration up to 500 s. Due to the unprecedented high performance conditions and after the identification of critical problems, a set of activities have been selected, focused on the development of high priority prototypes,...
In the inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiment, there is a growing demand for ultra-high speed waveform digitizer, so as to realize the accurate measurement of various physical quantities for plasma diagnosis. However, the commercial oscilloscopes are of low precision and large volume for some physical experiments. Especially in the ICF experiment with strong radiation, whether using long...
While the imaging Time Of Propagation (iTOP) subdetector of the Belle II experiment was installed in May, 2016, the commissioning and operation of this complex detector has been a challenge. This novel readout consists of 64 independent “board stacks”, each of which contains 128 channels of precision single-photon timing readout. To accomplish this sixteen 8-channel IRSX ASICs and mounted on...
The BONuS experiment has been designed to study the free neutron structure at Jefferson Lab using spectator tagging technique in d(e, ep)X inelastic scattering. We detect the scattered electrons by the standard CLAS12 detector, but backscattered low momentum spectator protons in this experiment are detected installing a new RTPC detector. Signals on the RTPC readout are directly sent to the...
COMPASS, a fixed target experiment at the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) at CERN, developed a new Data Acquisition System (DAQ) using a novel approach to implement the event building network. The system exploits the application-optimized computation technology of Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). In contrast to traditional event builders which base on distributed online computers...
The Real-Time Systems Engineering Department of the Scientific Computing Division at Fermilab is developing a flexible, scalable, and powerful data-acquisition (DAQ) toolkit which serves the needs of experiments from bench-top hardware tests to large high-energy physics experiments. The toolkit provides data transport and event building capabilities with the option for experimenters to inject...
DUNE will be the world's largest neutrino experiment due to take data
in 2025. Here is described the data acquisition (DAQ) system for
one of its prototypes - ProtoDUNE-SP due to take data in Q4 of 2018.
ProtoDUNE-SP also breaks records as the largest beam test experiment yet
constructed, and is a fundamental element of CERN's Neutrino Platform.
This renders ProtoDUNE-SP an experiment in its...
At the Paul Scherrer Institue (PSI) the Center for Proton Therapy operates 3 different Gantries for patient treatment using Pencil Beam Scanning (PBS) technology. To verify the quality of our PBS beam a new Pixel Detector based on simple and inexpensive printed circuit board (PCB) technology was developed.
The physical detector principle is an ionization chamber and has an active sensor area...
X-ray computed tomography (CT) imaging allows biologists to study the internal structure of living organisms with high spatial and temporal resolution. To control the flow of experiment, the online data visualisation is highly desirable. However, the noise inherent to the tomographic setup deteriorates the visual output preventing users from identifying the features. The problem is further...
At the Paul Scherrer Institut several types of X-ray detectors are being developed. All of them have in common that they use network interfaces to transmit the images to a server for processing and storage.
One, concerning data rate, especially demanding detector is Eiger.
It is module based with 512x1024 pixels and two 10Gbit/s Ethernet connections per module. Since all modules are operated...
The aim of this work is to show the potential capabilities of monolithic crystals, coupled to large SiPM arrays to be considered as detector blocks for TOF-PET scanners. Monolithic blocks allow one to decode the 3D photon impact position. This approach, along with TOF capabilities, can be of high interest in clinical PET applications where a typical ring configuration is not used.
In this...
The FPGA based Trigger Supervisor for the JLab Imaging Data Acquisition (DAQ) system provides a high speed connection for a number of data acquisition (DAQ) instruments. An example of a DAQ instrument is the JLab Ethernet 250 MHz 16 channel Flash Analog to Digital Converter (EFADC16) which is the basis of a recently submitted JLab patent application. The Trigger Supervisor is composed of a...
The CMS Detector will undergo a major upgrade for the Phase-2 of the LHC physics program, which will start around 2026. The detector will be read out at a rate of 750 kHz by some 50k high-speed optical links, for an average event size of 7.5 MB. In the baseline architecture for the Phase-2 DAQ, the optical links from detector front-ends are aggregated in detector-dependent ATCA based back-end...
We present the design and the preliminary test results of a dual-channel VCSEL-driver ASIC, LOCld65 with the aim of introducing it for the upgrade of the front-end readout system of the ATLAS Liquid Argon Calorimeter. LOCld65 is fabricated in a commercial 65-nm CMOS process, and each channel operates up to 14 Gbps. LOCld65 provides a perfect match to lpGBT, which is a single-channel 10 Gbps...
Theoretically, the cross section of X-ray phase shift caused by these low-Z elements is at least three orders of magnitude higher than the absorption. Thus the phase contrast X-ray imaging can offer better imaging contrast. A low-dose, large vision field and high phase contrast human CT prototype based on three-grating interferometry is in development by NSTL (national synchrotron radiation...
Small animal positron emission tomography (PET) is a high sensitivity and resolution PET device for small animal imaging. Flexibility, high efficiency, high precision charge measurement and position calculation are major demands of a practical PET system which asks for a high-quality analog front end and a digital signal processing module. To achieve higher efficiency and compatibility of...
In order to implement the driver function for several types of scientific CCD detector, decreasing the size of electronics of CCD detector system, an ASIC chip of CCD driver is designed. It provides multi-channel clocks and bias voltage, called BCDA (Bias Clock Driver ASIC). In the BCDA chip, clock drivers and bias drivers have different designs.
For the different level requirements of bias...
In Inertial Confinement Fusion(ICF), the laser-driven magnetic-flux compression can suppressing the heat losses through electron confinement, thus increasing the ion temperature as well as the neutron yield. The pulse magnetic field is created by discharging a high-voltage capacitor through a small wire-wound coil, and the Rogowski coil is used to measure the discharge current which can...
Micromegas detector is a gas detector with parallel plate structure, and it consists of a conversion gap in which radiations liberate ionization electrons and a thin amplification gap. The signal of the micromegas detector consists of two parts: the electron peak and the ion tail. The electronic signal just keeps few nanoseconds, which is used for precise time measurement. The ion signal...
Submersible Buoy (SB) is an important apparatus capable of long-term, fixed-point, continuous and multi-directional measurement of acoustic signals and hydrological environment monitoring in the harsh marine environment, providing important information for hydrological environment research, marine organism research and protection.
The SB has long runtimes and recovery cycles, and the...
As the development of electronic science and technology, electronic data acquisition(DAQ) system is more and more widely applied to nuclear physics experiments. Workstations are often utilized for data storage, data display, data processing and data analysis by researchers. Nevertheless, the workstations are ordinarily separated from detectors in nuclear physics experiments by several...
This paper describes a new all-digital technique for calibration of the mismatches in time-interleaved analog-to-digital converters (TIADCs) to reduce the circuit area. The proposed technique employ first order approximation FIR filter banks, which do not need large number of FIR taps. In case of a four-channel 12-bit TIADC, the proposed technique improves SINAD of simulated data from 54dB to...
Charge integration ratio (Qratio), method in the Pulse Shape Discrimination (PSD) technique has been widely used to discriminate between fast neutron and gamma in organic scintillation detectors. In this method, for neutron signals, in low-energy region of less than hundred keVee, Qratio of scintillation detectors has highly energy dependence. This leads to Figure of Merit (FOM), a quantity...
The objective of this study is to develop a real-time multi-channel detector readout and data acquisition system for a compact silicon photomultiplier based Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scanner for preclinical radiotherapy. Without using ASIC, the system consists of simple op-aps and FPGAs and apply novel 1-bit sigma-delta modulation (SDM) method to have most circuit functions of signal...
The RFX-mod2 Nuclear Fusion experiment is an upgrade of RFX-mod. Among the other improvements in machine structure and diagnostics, a larger number of electromagnetic probes (EMs) is foreseen to provide more information about plasma instabilities and to allow an improved real-time plasma control. An Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) architecture able to provide both transient recording and...
The under-construction White Neutron Source at China Spallation Neutron Source (so-called Back-n) is a facility for nuclear data measurements which has planned seven spectrometers. As the different of physical objectives, the requirements for readout electronics of each spectrometer differs from each other. To accommodate the variety of detectors, the general-purpose readout electronics with a...
This contribution focuses on phase-noise added during frequency conversion in low level radio frequency (LLRF) control systems. The stability of beams’ parameters in linear accelerators depends on the stability of amplitude and phase of the accelerating field. A LLRF control system regulates the electromagnetic field inside accelerating modules based on the input RF signals. Typically those...
Inspired by Wilkinson ADC method, we implement a fast linear discharge method based on FPGA to digitize nuclear pulse signal. In this scheme, we use a constant current source to discharge the charge on capacitor which is integrated by the input current pulse so as to convert the amplitude of the input nuclear pulse into time width linearly. Thanks to the high precision of TDC measurement that...
At the Cooler Synchrotron (COSY) in Juelich a barrier bucket RF system is used to manipulate the proton beam. Such a system can compensate the energy loss in the target and allows for a mostly constant intensity most of the time. The barrier bucket signal is a short pulse like a single sine period.
To provide this signal we developed a signal generator based on a XILINX ZC706 evaluation...
ATLAS will replace the muon end-cap detectors, the so-called Small Wheel(SW), with the New Small Wheel (NSW) in the Phase-I upgrade to enhance its high rate performance. Small-Strip Thin Gap Chambers (sTGCs), developing from the Thin Gap Chamber(TGC) technology but with much smaller strip pitch, have been selected as one of the main detector technologies to be used for the NSW. An sTGC...
Continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) is of great significance for future information security. The CVQKD can achieve higher key rates over short distances and possesses the potential to communicate in daylight. Although the existing commercial balanced detectors are well established, they are not suitable for CVQKD because their CMRR is usually less than 40dB and the...
European Spallation Source will be the brightest neutron source in the world. It is being built in Lund, Sweden. Over 120 superconducting cavities will be installed in the facility, each regulated by an individual LLRF control system. To reduce the risk of testing the systems on real cavities a Cavity Simulator was designed. It reproduces the behaviour of superconducting cavities used in the...
At the first three instruments of the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) in China, seven neutron beam monitors were installed and commissioned in August 2017. Each of these monitors has its own FPGA electronics and GUI acquisition program based on version 4 of the Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS). In this paper we show how data acquisition, visualization and...
Small-strips Thin Gap Chamber(sTGC) is one of the detectors on new small wheel(NSW) which is an important part of Atlas Phase-I upgrade. We will present our design and test results for the sTGC front-end electronic interface board, which aims to demonstrate the functionality and interface of ASICs on the sTGC front-end board. VMM, TDS(Trigger Data Serializer), SCA(Slow Control Adapter) and...
Muon Spin Rotation, Relaxation and Resonance (uSR) technology has an irreplaceable role in studying the microstructure and properties of materials, especially micro-magnetic properties. An experimental muon source is being built in China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) now. At the same time, a 128-channel uSR spectrometer as China's first uSR spectrometer is being developed. The time spectrum...
In nuclear detection and high energy physics experimentations, large amount of detectors are widely used, proposing great challenges to the data acquisition (DAQ) system in timing, trigger and high speed data transmission. A new general purpose DAQ system with high integration and scalability is being designed. Multiple boards are connected serially via bidirectional optical links at the line...
With the rapid development of electronicsal technology, the scientific CCD detector has been widely used in many fields such as astronomy, medicine and industry due to its ultra-high quantum efficiency and ultra-low readout noise. In order to verifyfacilitate rapid the functions and performances test of the of the scientific CCD controller rapidly, a general simulation and test system based...
To test and calibrate various detectors in nuclear and high energy physics experiments, a general purposed calibration instrument has been developed. All information including timing, amplitude and charge of signals can be directly obtained to calibrate detector with this instrument by amplifying and digitizing the signal waveform. The system consists of two parts, a large dynamic range...
Liquid argon (LAr) with a high light yield of approximately 40 photons per keV is an attractive target for the direct detection of WIMPs, which are well motivated galactic dark matter candidates. In this paper, we present a front end electronics design for a LAr dark matter detector with the scintillation read out by PMT, which has an input dynamic range from 5pC to 1nC, and high resolution...
The Particle And Astrophysical Xenon Experiment III (PandaX-III) is an experiment to search for the Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay (NLDBD) using high-pressure gaseous xenon TPC with Micromegas detectors at both ends and cathode in the middle. At the first phase of the experiment, there are 41 Micromegas detectors at each TPC end-plate. A small-scale TPC equipped with 7 Micromegas detectors is...
This research is intended to provide a feasible readout system for high granular Semi-Digital Hadronic CALorimeter (SDHCAL) in the proposing high energy Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC). A system including readout pads array, Front-end Electronics Board (FEB) and Detector InterFace (DIF) board is designed and fully tested. This system is applied on a double layers GEM detector. The...
The Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC) is a proposing electron positron collider in China which aims for generating a very high center-of-mass energy colliding above 250GeV in where Higgs events are produced with considerable luminosity. The high granularity Electromagnetic Calorimeter (ECAL) is included in calorimeter system which is mainly responsible for the measurement of photon. A...
China Spallation Neutron Source is mainly used for nuclear data measurements. In order to achieve the energy of neutron, one method is to measure the time that the neutron spends to travel along a fixed distance. So we developed a time-of-flight electronics system for the experiment. In order to detect the hit position of the neutron for beam profiling, we use a detector with 256 channels, of...
The FEB(front end board) configuration test board is developed aiming at the requirement of testing the new generation ASIC chips and its configuration system for ATLAS NSW(New Small Wheel) upgrade, this research studies the configuration of the key chips on the FEB–VMM3 and TDS2 using GBT-SCA, develops multiple level standards and communication protocol, and verifies the whole data link. It...
To standardize and simplify the control system at Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR), we develop 10G Ethernet based remote DAQ system. By separating the DAQ system and the host, the structure of the control system can be made more flexible. We have developed a DAQ module with a 10G Ethernet interface based on a MicroTCA.4 system designed to control devices in real time on...
As with EAST（ Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak） experimental data analyzed by more and more collaborator, the video from 2D camera which directly reflecting the spatially distributed phenomena in high-temperature plasma, attracts more and more researchers’ attention. EAST now have four high-speed cameras and the image capture rate is very from 120 to 1000 frames per second....
Large liquid argon Time Projection Chambers have been adopted for the DUNE experiment’s far detector, which will be composed of four 17 kton detectors situated 1.5 km underground at the Sanford Underground Research Facility. This represents a large increase in scale compared to existing experiments. Both single- and dual-phase technologies will be validated at CERN, in cryostats capable of...
The video acquisition and processing systems are commonly used in industrial and scientific applications. Many of them utilize Camera Link interface for the transmission of a video stream from the camera to the host system.
The framework presented in the paper enables capturing such data, processing it and transmitting to the host CPU. It consist of MTCA.4-compliant frame grabber and a set of...
This works intends to give an overview of the PCI-Express board πLUP, focusing on the motivation that led to its development, the technological choices adopted and its performance. The πLUP card was designed by INFN and University of Bologna as a possible readout interface to be used after the upgrade of the Pixel Detector of the experiments ATLAS or CMS at LHC. The same team in Bologna also...
This paper describes the software developed for control configuration and data access of the Ethernet Flash ADC (EFADC) and the paired module known as the Ethernet Trigger Supervisor (ETS). The EFADC and ETS are a multiple-unit system designed to provide coincidence data acquisition in a modular form with 4 ns timing resolution. The paper briefly describes the EFADC and ETS hardware at the top...
Time over dynamic threshold (TODT) method, proposed in our previous work, has been successfully used for nuclear pulse charge measurement in PET detectors. It has advantages of strict linearity, large dynamic range, and better energy resolution, but requires a relatively complex circuit to generate specific dynamic threshold. In this paper, we propose to replace the dynamic threshold by a...
At the China Jinping Underground Laboratory, the PandaX-4ton ( Particle AND Astrophysical Xenon phase IV) in planning is a dark matter direct detection experiment with dual-phase Xenon. PandaX-4ton, compared to PandaX-II, has more readout channels and higher time precision requirements. Once incoming WIMPs (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles) collide with Xenon atom, prompt scintillation...
In order to deal with the international problem of shortage of 3He, a new type of boron-coated Multi-wire proportional chamber (MWPC) thermal neutron detector is developed. Readout electronics for it, which can achieve good position resolution, is introduced in this paper. In this readout electronics, hit signal from MWPC detector is fed into the delay line module propagates towards to both...
The Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment will investigate the QCD phase diagram at high net baryon densities and moderate temperatures. CBM Time of Flight (TOF) system is composed of super modules containing high performance Multi-gap Resistive Plate Chambers (MRPCs). During the mass production, each super module assembled with MRPCs needs quality evaluation, which includes time...
Super module assembled with MRPC detectors is the component unit of TOF spectrometer for the Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment. Quality of super modules needs to be evaluated before it is applied in CBM-TOF. The maximum data rate is up to 6 Gbps at each sandwich TDC station (STS), which is used to digitize time signal exported from super module. In this paper, a real-time data flow...
As Plasma Control Systems (PCS) grow beyond the resource constraints of single, monolithic
computers, the need similarly increases for real-time communication between physical
computers. Three experiments sharing a common baseline framework (the General Atomics
(GA) PCS) approach the situation with similar high level concepts manifested through different
lower level implementations. NSTX-U is...
Motor is the most widely used power equipment in the industrial field, and it is also an important key equipment in the industrial Internet of things (IIOT). The traditional way of motor monitoring is to monitor a single motor, and the collected data is not stored effectively, so that the data cannot be analyzed and processed and the value of the data is not fully utilized. With the...
At the Centre for Proton Therapy at the Paul Scherrer Institute cancer patients are treated with a fixed beamline and in two gantries for ocular and non-ocular malignancies, respectively. For the installation of a third gantry a new patient safety system (PaSS) was developed and is sequentially being rolled out to update the existing areas. The aim of PaSS is to interrupt the treatment...
The Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) Safety Instrumented System (SIS) ensures personal safety and investment protection. The development and implementation of the SIS are based on the international safety standard for the process industry sector, IEC 61511. The SIS exhibits a distributed and hierarchical organized architecture consisting of a central Safety System (cSS) on the top and many local Safety...
In recent years, SiPM photoelectric devices have drawn much attention in the domain of time-of-flight-based Positron emission tomography (TOF-PET). Using them to construct PET detectors with excellent coincidence time resolution (CTR) is always one of research focus. In this paper, a SiPM readout pre-amplifier based on common-base current amplifier structure followed by a Pole-Zero (PZ)...
The main physics goal for Back-n white neutron facility at China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) is to measure nuclear data. The energy of neutrons is one of the most important parameters for measuring nuclear data. Method of time of flight (TOF) is used to obtain the energy of neutrons. The time when proton bunches hit the thick tungsten target is considered as the start point of TOF. T0...
White Rabbit is a new technology that can distributes precise time and frequency among thousands of nodes for long distance. The compatibility with standard Ethernet makes it ideal for applications that requires both precise time/frequency synchronization and bi-directional data exchange. Interests have been expressed to apply this technology in different fields, which also bring their...
EAST (Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak) Technical Diagnostic System (TDS) is used to monitor the outlet temperature of all superconducting coils, in case of temperature anomaly, it will trigger safety interlock system to meet EAST device safety. The data acquisition system of TDS (TDS_DAQ) is in charge of continue data acquisition of the nitrogen and helium temperature signals,...
In the hard X rays domain, the phase shift of the wave passing through the soft materials like tissues is typically three orders of magnitude larger than the absorption. Therefore the phase-sensitive X-ray imaging methods can obtain substantially increased contrast over conventional absorption-based imaging. The grating-based phase contrast imaging(GBPCI), which can achieve a large field of...
The Real-Time Systems Engineering Department of the Scientific Computing Division at Fermilab has deployed set of customizations to our Off-The-Shelf DAQ solution (otsdaq) at the Fermilab Test Beam Facility (FTBF) to read out the beamline instrumentation in support of FTBF users. In addition to reading out several detectors which use various detection technologies and readout hardware, the...
ATLAS is one of the four experiments at Large Hadron Collider(LHC).LHC will be upgraded in the next several years aiming to new physics study. ATLAS experiment will fulfill Phase-I upgrade by 2020. The current ATLAS muon end-cap system(Small Wheel, SW) will be replaced with a completely New Small Wheel(NSW). The NSW is a set of precision tracking and trigger detectors able to work at high...
The CODA data acquisition software at Jefferson Lab uses Java extensively. In particular, we used Java to code the distributed event builder and event recorder. Although Java is not generally regarded as real-time software, we have taken advantage of several techniques that allow the event builder to handle the data rates being produced by the front end. In this paper, we describe these...
Back-n is a white neutron beam line at China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS). The time structure of the primary proton beam make it fully applicable to use TOF (time-of-flight) method for neutron energy measuring. We implement the TOF measurement on the general -purpose readout electronics system which is designed to adapt all of the seven detectors in Back-n. The general-purpose readout...
The Compressed Baryonic Matter-Time of Flight (CBM-TOF) wall uses high performance of Multi-gap Resistive Plate Chambers (MRPC) assembled in Super module (SM) detectors to identify charged particles with high channel density and high measurement precision at the Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment. During the mass production, the quality of each SM should be evaluated. For the...
The High Acceptance Di-Electron Spectrometer (HADES) is a versatile detector system that has been operational at the GSI heavy ion accelerator facility for about 15 years.
For the “FAIR phase 0” beam time campaign in summer 2018 a number of HADES components are being upgraded, such as the RICH and the ECAL. Both detectors will be read out by dedicated front-end boards with FPGA-based TDCs of...
MDSplus is a data acquisition and analysis system used worldwide predominantly in the fusion research community. It was based on the original system called MDS which was created in 1982 at the Plasma Science and Fusion center at MIT. Development of MDSplus began in 1987 by a collaboration of software developers who were charged with providing a data acquisition system for three new fusion...
The Particle And Astrophysical Xenon Experiment III (PandaX-III) is an experiment to search for the Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay (NLDBD) using 200 kg radio-pure high-pressure gaseous xenon TPC with Micromegas detectors at both ends and cathode in the middle. A small-scale TPC equipped with 7 Microbulk Micromegas detectors is developed as the prototype detector. 128 channels are readout...
The Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) is a multipurpose complex which aims at discovery of cosmic ray origin. In LHAASO, the Water Cherenkov Detector Array (WCDA) is one of the key detectors, which consists of more than 3000 Photomultiplier Tubes (PMTs). Both high precision time and charge measurement are required over a large dynamic range from 1 Photon Electron (P.E.) to...
Particle and in particular proton therapy is a form of radiation therapy that is successfully used to treat tumors. The physical properties of the protons allow precise irradiation of the tumor volume and optimal sparing of the surrounding healthy tissue. To achieve this, not only the number of protons but also their kinetic parameters must be precisely modulated. When the therapy was...
The Belle II experiment is presently under construction at the SuperKEKB electron-positron collider in KEK (Tsukuba, J). The detector is a major upgrade of the Belle experiment at the KEKB collider and it is optimized for the study of rare B decays. The new design makes it also sensitive to signals of New Physics beyond the Standard Model, including studies of the dark sector.
The...
PANDA is a general purpose hadron spectrum to be installed in the high energy storage ring of the Future Anti-proton and Ion Research facility-FAIR, in Germany. Physics simulation shows that the event rate for PANDA experiment is about 20MHz, and event size from 1.5KByte to 4.5KByte per event. Considering background, the relative data rate to the TDAQ system will be as high as 200 GByte per...
The LHC upgrade is planned to enhance the instantaneous luminosity to 2-3×1034 cm-2s-1 during Run 3 from 2021 through 2023. The Phase-I upgrade of the trigger readout electronics for the ATLAS Liquid Argon (LAr) Calorimeters will be installed during the second long shutdown of LHC in 2019/2020. In this upgrade, so-called Supercells are introduced to provide higher granularity, higher...
Clock synchronization procedures are mandatory in most physical experiments where event fragments are readout by spatially dislocated sensors and must be glued together to reconstruct the energy and interaction vertex information of incident particles. These distributed data readout topologies rely on an accurate time information available at the frontend, where raw data are acquired and...
Short Baseline Neutrino Detector (SBND), which is a 260-ton LAr TPC as near detector in Shot Baseline Neutrino (SBN) program, consists of 11,264 TPC readout channels. As an enabling technology for noble liquid detectors for neutrino experiments, cold electronics developed for extremely low temperature (77K–89K) decouples the electrode and cryostat design from the readout design. With front-end...
A 3.8ps RMS time synchronization implemented in a 20nm fabrication process ultrascale kintex Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is presented. The multi-channel high-speed serial transceivers (e.g., GTH) play a key role in a wide range of applications, such as the quantum key distribution systems. However, owing to the independent clock divider between the serial data clock and the parallel...
A prototype of DIRC-like Time-of-Flight detector (DTOF), including a pico-second time measurement electronics, is developed and tested preliminarily. The basic structure of DTOF is composed of a fused silica radiator connected to fast micro-channel plate PMTs (MCP-PMT), and readout by a dedicated FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) based front-end electronics. The full electronics chain...
The photomultiplier tubes (PMT) are popularly used in high energy physics experiments, nuclear related experiments, medical equipment and other fields. The conventional readout system with PMTs use the discrete or integrated pulse shaping circuits and FADC boards which are based on NIM or VME system to implement the data acquisition function. In many applications, there are only several PMTs...
Time-of-Flight measurement is a powerful tool to distinguish particles in nuclear and hadron physics experiments. For such purpose, a low cost, multichannel and high resolution of better than 30 ps time to digital converter (TDC) is needed. In this work, a multichannel TDC is implemented in Xilinx Kintex-7 (XC7K160T-1).
The TDC employs tapped delay line (TDL) for fine time measurement. Each...
As an important part of the field programmable gate array (FPGA) market, Intel FPGA has also great potential for implementation of time-to-digital convertor (TDC). In this paper, the basic tapped delay line (TDL) TDC structure is adapted in Intel Arria 10 FPGA, which is manufactured with 20 nm process technology. Because of the serious bubble problem for FPGA made by state-of-art process, the...
ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) is one of the four main experiments at
CERN Large Hadron Collider. The ALICE collaboration plans a major detector upgrade during long shutdown 2,which is at present foreseen to start at the end of year 2018 followed by Run 3 starting in year 2021. The CTP will manage different interaction rates, 50 kHz in Pb-Pb up to few hundred kHz in pp collisions. The...
Compact portable 16k Digital MCA
Suited for high resolution Gamma Spectroscopy
Support continuous and pulsed reset preamplifiers
Software selectable coarse and fine gain
DB9 connector for preamplifier power supply
Features Pulse Height Analysis firmware for energy calculation
Different acquisition modes available: PHA and signal inspector for an easy setup and signal monitoring
USB and...
