Space Climate 10

Session

2.2 Long-term evolution of CMEs and solar wind and 2.3 Geomagnetic storms and superstorms (chair Merav Opher)

11 Jun 2026, 10:50

Åland Maritime Museum

Conveners

2.2 Long-term evolution of CMEs and solar wind and 2.3 Geomagnetic storms and superstorms (chair Merav Opher)

• Maxime Grandin (Helsinki U., FI)
• Emilia Kilpua (Helsinki U., FI)

36. Space Weather Impacts of Coronal Mass Ejections

Nandita Srivastava (Udaipur Solar Observatory, IN)

11/06/2026, 10:50

Invited review

Our Sun is a dynamic star that produces energetic events known as coronal mass ejections (CMEs). These ejections are driven by the Sun's magnetic fields, which facilitate their movement through the heliosphere. The propagation of CMEs is primarily affected by the ambient solar wind medium, which ultimately influences their arrival time. In general, the magnetic field configurations on the Sun...

37. Magnetic Structure and Topology of CMEs: From Realistic Ejecta Representation to Helicity Decomposition

Nada Alhaddad (University of New Hampshire, US)

11/06/2026, 11:10

Solicited

Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are still modelled as isolated, highly twisted, circular flux ropes, a picture that forms the basis of many reconstruction methods and much of present-day space-weather work but that no longer matches the magnetic complexity revealed by recent data and simulations. In this talk, in situ and multi-spacecraft measurements, remote observations, and numerical...

38. Voyager observations of 48 years of solar wind and its effects on the interstellar medium

John Richardson (MIT, US)

11/06/2026, 11:30

The Voyager 1 and 2 spacecraft have traversed the heliosphere and entered the local interstellar medium (LISM). They are 169 AU and 142 AU from the Sun, 48 and 23 AU past the heliopause. These spacecraft have been taking data for over 48 years, more than four solar cycles. Thus they provide an excellent study of long-term time dependence of the solar wind. Solar cycle effects dominate the...

39. Coronal Mass Ejections: What We Now Know from 5 Solar Cycles of In-Situ Measurements about their Properties and Impact

Noé Lugaz (University of New Hampshire, US)

11/06/2026, 11:42

Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) have been measured in situ since the 1970s with missions such as Helios, Voyager, IMP-8, Voyager. Over the past 30 years, we have now gained routine measurements by Wind and ACE at the Sun-Earth L1, in the inner heliosphere by STEREO, and in the innermost heliosphere and corona by Solar Orbiter and Parker Solar Probe. With 1000s of measurements from heliocentric...

40. Superstorm and Supersubstorms of May 2024

Rajkumar Hajra (USTC, CN)

11/06/2026, 11:54

Invited review

The May 2024 superstorm (SYM-H peak = –518 nT) was characterized by a three-step main phase, a long and strong recovery phase, and six isolated supersubstorms (SSSs; SML < –2500 nT). The events were associated with multiple interplanetary sheaths and magnetic clouds. In this presentation, we will discuss unique interplanetary phenomena leading to the events, distinguished geomagnetic features,...

41. Exploring Stormtime Geospace as a Complex System

Slava Merkin (JHU APL, US)

11/06/2026, 12:14

Invited review

Geospace is a complex, interconnected system, where diverse physical domains and particle populations interact across a vast range of spatial and temporal scales. To understand geospace in all of its complexity and enable robust space weather prediction, physics-based models must describe the system holistically, i.e., treat all essential processes and domains, while maintaining sufficiently...

42. Perfect-storm simulation vs. the 2003 Halloween storm: geoelectromagnetic response to sudden storm commencements

Elena Marshalko (FMI, FI)

11/06/2026, 12:34

Intense geomagnetic storms are typically initiated by fast coronal mass ejections (CMEs) preceded by a sheath region of compressed solar wind. The arrival of the interplanetary shock at the magnetopause produces a sudden storm commencement (SSC), observed as an abrupt, step-like enhancement of the horizontal geomagnetic field. The rapid magnetic field variations associated with SSCs induce...