Space Climate 10

Session

1.3 Long-term TSI/SSI variability (chair Laure Lefevre)

10 Jun 2026, 09:20

Conveners

1.3 Long-term TSI/SSI variability (chair Laure Lefevre)

• Greg Kopp (Colorado U., US)

16. The changing Sun: a review of TSI and SSI variability across time scales

Francesco Berrilli (Rome Tor Vergata U., IT)

10/06/2026, 09:20

Invited review

Solar irradiance is the fundamental energy source powering the Earth system, and its variability over time is a critical factor in understanding climate dynamics. While Total Solar Irradiance (TSI) represents the overall energy output, it is the wavelength-dependent variability of Spectral Solar Irradiance (SSI), especially in the ultraviolet, that most directly influences atmospheric...

17. Secular Trends in Solar Irradiance: From Direct Measurements to Model Reconstructions

Theodosios Chatzistergos (Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, DE)

10/06/2026, 09:40

Solicited

The Sun is the primary external energy source for Earth, making reliable long-term records of solar irradiance essential. Measurements of total solar irradiance (TSI) have been available since 1978, although they originate from multiple relatively short-lived space-based missions that exhibit marked differences. Combining these observations into a consistent long-term record is therefore...

18. Updates (Including Two ‘Final’ Final Updates) to Total Irradiance Monitor Data and a Survey of Solar Flare Observations in TSI

Greg Kopp (Colorado U., US)

10/06/2026, 10:00

I have updated the total solar irradiance (TSI) data from all three spaceflight Total Irradiance Monitors (TIMs) within the last year, improving the accuracies and stabilities of the SORCE, TCTE, and TSIS-1 TIM measurements. These are expected to be the final data versions for the SORCE and TCTE instruments, both of which have been decommissioned, having been replaced by the continuing...

19. Reconstruction of annual solar irradiance over three millennia

Duresa Temaj (Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, DE)

10/06/2026, 10:12

Space-based measurements of solar irradiance since 1978 have revealed variability across all observable timescales. However, this record is too short to assess the Sun’s role in climate variability, making long-term irradiance reconstructions essential. From days to millennia, irradiance variability is dominated by changes in surface magnetism through the competing effects of sunspot darkening...

20. Comparing direct and indirect proxies of centennial solar EUV irradiance

Kalevi Mursula (Oulu U., FI)

10/06/2026, 10:24

Sunspots offer a uniquely long view of solar magnetic activity, and depict large variability during the last 100 years, a period known as the Modern Maximum (MM). However, since weaker magnetic elements dominate solar surface magnetism, our view of solar magnetic variability would be incomplete if it was only based on the strongest magnetic fields of sunspots. Luckily, there are several...