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The drive toward faster, more efficient 5G communication systems requires radio-frequency (RF) devices to adapt from Frequency Range 1 (FR1, sub 6 GHz) to higher operating frequencies in Frequency Range 2 (FR2, 24.25–71.0 GHz) and the proposed Frequency Range 3 (FR3, 7.125–24.25 GHz). Spin wave (SW) devices are promising candidates, combining efficient operation in the higher frequency range (FR3) with multifunctionality, thereby enabling compact, energy-efficient devices [1]; however, practical adoption is constrained by significant insertion losses [2, 3]. We present a systematic study of insertion losses arising during electromagnetic–spin wave–electromagnetic signal conversion and during SW propagation between a pair of U-shaped transducers in a 1.96 µm thick YIG film. Transducer lengths (60–340 µm) and widths (1–6 µm) are varied to tune impedance matching over a broad frequency range (5–30 GHz). We demonstrate that the insertion loss can be optimized for each operational frequency by selecting the appropriate transducer length. This length defines the spin-wave resistance parameter, which increases as the frequency increases. The lowest measured insertion loss is 6.25 dB at 12 GHz using 200 µm long transducers. Experimental results are compared to micromagnetic simulations [4] to optimize YIG thickness, transducer geometry, and spin wave mode selection.
[1] K. Levchenko, K. Davídková, J. Mikkelsen, and A. Chumak, (2026). Review on spin-wave RF applications. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics.
[2] K. Davídková, K. Levchenko, F. Bruckner et al. (2025). Nanoscale spin-wave frequency-selective limiter for 5G technology. Physical Review Applied 23.3: 034026.
[3] K. Davídková, K. Levchenko, R. Serha et al. (2025). Spin-wave microscale RF delay lines for mid-and high-frequency 5G band. Journal of Applied Physics 138.14.
[4] F. Bruckner, K. Davídková, C. Abert et al. (2025). Micromagnetic simulation and optimization of spin-wave transducers. Scientific Reports 15.1: 19993.