The study of exotic hadrons has long been a topic of great interest for the understanding of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). As one of the light exotic hadrons, the structure and constituent quark content of $f_0(980)$ have been debated for decades, with theories suggesting it could be a tetraquark state ($s\bar sq\bar q$) or a hadronic molecule ($K\bar K$). Assuming that the $f_0(980)$ is a...
The D-measure of net-charge fluctuations quantifies the variance of net charge in strongly interacting matter. It was introduced over 20 years ago as a potential signal of quark-gluon plasma (QGP) in heavy-ion collisions, where it is expected to be suppressed due to the fractional electric charges of quarks. Measurements have been performed at RHIC and LHC, but the conclusion has been elusive...
Exotic particles are those whose internal structure is not well understood and cannot be accurately described by state-of-the-art theoretical models or predictions. Current hypotheses regarding the nature of these exotic particles range from conventional mesons and baryons to multiquark configurations (such as tetraquarks), glueballs composed of valence gluons, and molecularly bound states...
Neutral and charged vector mesons can be utilized to probe isospin-violating phenomena arising from Landau level splitting when a strong magnetic field ($B$) is present in a QCD medium [1]. A possible case involves the neutral $K^{*0}$ ($d\bar{s}$) and the charged $K^{*+}$ ($u\bar{s}$), which are close in mass and share the same isospin, yet their constituent quarks possess different magnetic...
Hadronic resonances are a valuable tool for studying the strongly interacting matter created in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Their short lifetimes make them sensitive probes of the late hadronic stage, where competing rescattering and regeneration processes can modify momentum and azimuthal distributions. Rescattering of decay daughters can alter their momenta, preventing the...
Measurements of heavy baryon production in pp, pA and AA collisions from RHIC to top LHC energies have recently attracted more and more attention, currently representing a challenge for the heavy-quark hadronization theoretical understanding. In such experiments there have been many indications of the formation of a deconfined phase of quarks and gluons called the quark-gluon-plasma (QGP)....
We discuss charm-strange mesons, Ds, Ds, Ds0(2317), Ds1(2460), and X(3915) mesons produced from charm and strange quarks in the quark-gluon plasma in heavy-ion collisions at \sqrt{s_{NN}}=5.02 TeV. We first investigate the transverse momentum distribution of charm and strange quarks at \sqrt{s_{NN}}=5.02 TeV in the quark-gluon plasma based on transverse momentum distributions of \phi and D^0...
The hadronisation of charm quarks within the strangeness-rich environment of the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) offers a unique laboratory for studying non-perturbative QCD dynamics. We present new measurements from the CMS experiment utilising the high-statistics lead-lead (PbPb) collision datasets from Run 2 and Run 3. This work features a high-precision measurement of the elliptic ($v_2$) and...
Understanding charm-quark hadronization is key to characterizing the quark–gluon plasma formed in heavy-ion collisions. Measurements of strange and non-strange charm hadrons across collision systems probe hadronization mechanisms, particularly in Pb–Pb collisions where abundant strangeness is expected to enhance recombination effects and provide stringent tests of statistical-hadronization...
sPHENIX is a next-generation experiment at RHIC for jet and heavy-flavor physics which was fully commissioned in 2024. Using its novel streaming-readout-capable, precision tracking system, sPHENIX collected 100 billion unbiased p+p collisions, and a further sample of minimum-bias Au-Au collisions, in Run-24. A key measurement of the sPHENIX heavy flavor physics program are measurements of the...
