The rapid expansion of cryogenic technologies, such as quantum computing, necessitates robust, scalable, and high-throughput cryogenic testing infrastructure. As these systems transition from prototypes to commercial products, a significant bottleneck emerges in the need for efficient, production-level testing of numerous components at low temperatures. While many cryogenic systems are...
As the hydrogen market expands, the need for efficient distribution of liquid hydrogen (LH$_{2}$) becomes increasingly important. The potential utilisation of liquid hydrogen in mobile applications or as an energy import vector is subject of current investigations. Reducing flash gas losses during LH$_{2}$ transfer and ensuring adequate pressurization of downstream applications, such as fuel...
Cryocoolers are increasingly favored over baths or forced-flow cooling providing heat removal and thermal stability for magnets made of High Temperature Superconductor (HTS). Efficient heat transfer between magnet and cryocooler is crucial to the operation of such a system. Compared to conventional thermal buses, which are typically made of solid materials such as high-purity copper braids,...
The cryogenic re-liquefaction of Boil-Off Gas (BOG) is a critical step in LNG infrastructure, where methane vaporized due to unavoidable heat ingress must be recovered to mitigate energy losses and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Methane's high global warming potential—over 80 times greater than that of CO₂ over a 20-year horizon—makes its release particularly concerning from both...
As with LNG in the past, LH2 has the potential to revolutionize the energy storage and transportation sectors and roll out the net zero economy on a large scale. However, to enable global hydrogen trade, a list of challenges must be solved. Apart from safety issues, measuring LH2 for custody transfer is one of the main challenges. The key complication of measuring LH2 is its ultra low...
ITER (www.iter.org) is an international collaborative project to harness controlled nuclear fusion of Hydrogen isotopes to produce energy. It is an important step towards an alternative and virtually limitless source of clean energy. ITER-India (www.iter-india.org), part of the Institute for Plasma Research under the Dept. of Atomic Energy, is responsible for Indian contributions to the...
Regenerators are an integral part of regenerative-type cryocoolers, such as pulse tube, Gifford-McMahon cryocoolers, etc. The main function of a regenerator is to store and release heat during the cyclic operation of cryocoolers. The performance of the regenerator directly influences the performance of the cryocooler. Therefore, regenerators should be designed and optimised carefully. The...
A programmable PID thermal control system, implemented using Python with a user interface, has been developed for a laboratory cryostat, enabling precise regulation of multiple temperature stages. The system allows each stage to reach commanded setpoints and maintain them for a defined dwell time or until the target temperature is achieved. Users can fully configure setpoints, PID parameters,...
ABSTRACT- POSTER
Electric driven and low heat load valves for liquid helium applications
Leire Colomo, Ander Gabirondo 1)
1) AMPO Poyam Valves, ES- 20213 Idiazabal, Gipuzkoa, Spain
As the energy sector advances toward greener and more efficient technologies, liquid helium is playing a central role in enabling high-performance cryogenic systems. Its use is critical in superconducting...
The regasification of cryogenic liquids, such as liquefied natural gas (LNG), liquid hydrogen (LH₂), and industrial gases like nitrogen and oxygen, offers an unique opportunity for energy recovery during their transition from liquid to gas and subsequent gas heating to ambient temperature. Liquefaction of gases for their transport and storage occurs at extremely low temperatures and requires...
The emergence of the liquid hydrogen (LH2) industry promises transformative potential across sectors like energy storage, propulsion, and synthetic fuels. However, the complex thermophysical behaviour of LH₂ — applicable to production, storage, transportation, distribution and end use — requires deeper understanding to enable efficient system design. Some examples include cryogenic phase...
This research presents a numerical investigation into the multiphase behaviour of cryogenic hydrogen gas jets released into ambient air, with particular attention to the liquefaction of atmospheric water vapour induced by strong shear. The simulations are conducted using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver developed within a finite volume framework, incorporating a hybrid Noble-Abel...
Abstract
Quantum Machine Learning (QML) is increasingly vital for modeling and optimizing cryogenic systems, particularly those involving liquid hydrogen in aviation, quantum technologies, and large-scale scientific experiments [1,5,7]. By leveraging quantum physics-informed AI—such as Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) and Geometry-Aware Operator Transformers (GAOTs)—QML enables...
Hydrogen is increasingly recognized as a cornerstone of the transition to sustainable energy systems. Storing hydrogen in liquefied form (LH₂) is particularly advantageous due to its relatively high energy density and scalability for storage and transport. However, managing boil-off rates (BOR) during storage and transportation remains a significant challenge. Hydrogen boil-off leads to safety...
