Energy uncertainty that fluctuates the cost of petroleum has move the attention of researchers toward renewable energy and sustainable materials sources. Bioresources and crop oils are available in abundantly and cheap sources that are environment friendly in tropical countries. It has been identified as one of the main sources of the sustainable and renewable energy and materials in Malaysia....
The potential of catalytic pyrolysis of non-edible biomass derived from microalgae (Chlorella sp.) for bio-oil using commercial and synthesis nano-crystalline HZSM-5 catalyst in a fixed bed reactor was studied in this work. The Chlorella sp. biomass was used as the feedstock and the chemical and elemental components of the Chlorella sp. were identified by proximate and ultimate analysis. The...
The present investigation is focused on to find out the effects of the structure of epoxy/trifunctional mercaptan resins based polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) films on the morphology of polymer matrix via heat curing system. The interaction between epoxy reaction and polythiol group (-SH) resins turn played an essential role in step-growth polymerization reaction for the preparation of...
Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) are attractive alternative source of electricity. The current study involves the computational fluid dynamics simulations of PEMFC under isothermal and non-isothermal conditions to investigate the performance of fuel cell. Effect of pressure and temperature on fuel cell performance has been studied under non-isothermal conditions. PEMFC has been...
In this article, Peristaltic motion with the effects of heat, mass transfer and radially varying MHD of a Prandtl fluid in an endoscope has been studied. The formulated equations of velocity, temperature and concentration field are simplified using long wavelength and low Reynolds number assumptions. The coupled non-linear differential equations are solved analytically by means of the homotopy...
The main objective of this study was to use Bacillus licheniformis as probiotic to get the beneficial effects on poultry birds for the organic chicken, for this purpose Bacillus licheniformis KT443923 which has high antimicrobial activity, large zone of inhibition and CFU/g was cultured in molasses which is a cheap media. After optimization of shake flask parameters like pH, temperature, NaCl...
Historically overall objective of Pakistan’s Energy policy has been to develop this sector to support an expanding economy. 1994 energy policy brought a decisive shift in Pakistan's diverse energy sources to promote private sector participation in the power sector of Pakistan. Power generation policy 2015 recognized the need to transform power sector of the country into a modern, efficient and...
Coal desulfurization prior to usage is frequently subjected to pre-processing to achieve clean fuel and reduce environmental impacts. In this study, desulfurization of Machh coal field of Pakistan was carried out with NaOH and HNO3 as leaching agents. The effects of particle size (6-10 Mesh) and solvent concentration (5-30wt%) on sulfur removal were investigated. The results indicated that...
Waste biomass is now considered as a potential source of renewable energy to meet wide variety of energy needs, such as electricity generation, domestic heating, fueling vehicles and providing process heat in industrial facilities. Large amount of waste biomass and coal are being used to produce heat in industrial boilers. These industrial heating processes generate ample amount of coal-char...
Fluidized bed heat exchanger (FBHx) units have significant applications in various industrial processes. Heat transfer coefficient, pressure drop and superficial gas velocity are the most salient parameters used to characterize the behavior of solids in the FBHx. This research broadly identifies the pressure drop and surface heat transfer coefficient of Alumina, Coal-Char and bio-char solids...
Energy crisis and increasing CO2 emission from fossil fuel consumption promoted great interests in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) to produce electric power from wastewater streams without contributing net carbon emission. MFCs harvest electric energy from wastewater by breakdown of organic matters in the presence of microorganisms. In this study, MFCs with two vessels were constructed designated...
The energy insecurity and CO2 emissions from fossil fuel utilization demands sustainable and cleaner fuel resources. Bio-fuels and chemicals from waste biomass have been recognized as the renewable energy resource. Coal has the potential to become an important source for liquid and gas fuels. Co-processing of coal with waste biomass to produced fuels is considered a step towards sustainable...
