Speakers
Description
Climate is defined as an average weather pattern of a place that includes: temperature data, precipitation, humidity, wind velocity, changing seasons. Climate Change is due to the burning of fossil fuel: oil, natural gas, coal. Burning of fossil fuel results in emission of greenhouse gases (GHG) like CO2, CH4, N2O, HFC. Contributors’ of GHG include power plants, industry, land use conversion or indiscriminate cutting of trees, agriculture transportation system emitting CO, wastewater, use of HVAC, our lifestyle common use of air conditioners, sprays etc. GHG is also essential as without GHG average temperature of earth would reduce to -18Oc. An optimum level of GHG is necessary for our survival. GHG is a natural process that enables us to retain some energy of sun rays to sustain life on earth. Excessive of GHG depletes protective ozone layer O3. After industrial revolution component of GHG has increased. Climate Change has a far reaching affect in giving shape to natural eco-system, human socio-economic conditions cultural activities, landscape and temperament of people. Rise in global temperature has caused variation in hydrological cycle. As a result there has been accelerated melting of polar ice and inland glaciers (Hindukash, Karakoram, Himalayas) and higher rate of precipitation. Under these circumstances we tend to lose our water reserves. Pakistan depends on single source the Indus River System and its tributaries. Rapid population growth in urban areas particularly Karachi has led to increased water demand creating gap between demand and supply of water. There are 35% water losses in the transmission and distribution of water. An integrated approach is urgently needed in Karachi to reduce water losses. This paper focus on new approaches of water loss reduction, system strengthening, reduction in non revenue water, water conservation at macro and micro level through consumer awareness and education and enhancement in water storage capacity to cope with natural or man made disaster.
