Power and particle handling in the plasma edge region is one of the key issues, affecting the successful operation of a steady state magnetic fusion power reactor. Tungsten has widely been used for plasma-facing components in existing fusion experiments and is envisaged to be employed for the ITER divertor, perhaps with seeded impurity for radiation detachment. Unfortunately, conventionally...
In EAST, Li applications with various methods have been systemically developed and significantly improve plasma performance, such as Li evaporation for suppressing impurity radiation and reducing hydrogen recycling [1], Li dropper for 18s ELM-suppressed H-mode discharges [2], Li granule injection for ELM pacing [3], and flowing liquid Li limiter (FLiLi) for improved performance plasma and...
The use of liquid metals as plasma facing components (PFCs) in a future fusion reactor has been proposed as an alternative to solid metals, such as tungsten and molybdenum among others [1]. The expected advantages for the power exhaust issues, mainly arising at the divertor target at power densities of 10– 20 MWm−2, relay on the self-healing properties of liquid surfaces as well as the ability...
The difficulties with solid divertors for power handling in future reactors have long been recognized. In response to this challenge, the US initiated research into liquid metals as an alternative under the Advanced Power Extraction (APEX) program.[1] To study the behavior of liquid metals with a large free surface in the presence of tokamak fields, a fully-toroidal Liquid Lithium Limiter...
Flowing liquid Li (FLiLi) used as plasma facing components (PFCs) promises to improve plasma performance due to reduced fuel recycling and impurity generation[1]. Various static and flowing liquid Li limiter have been tested in HT-7 and EAST, and significant progress has been achieved from the first FLiLi limiter based on the concept of a thin flowing film in the EAST device in 2014[2]. First...
Liquid metal plasma facing components (PFCs) provide several advantages over standard solid PFCs, as the constantly refreshing, self-healing surface reduces erosion and thermal stress, decreases edge recycling, reduces impurities, and enhances plasma performance. The Liquid Metal Infused Trench (LiMIT) system, pioneered at UIUC and tested in HT-7 and Magnum PSI, has demonstrated the...
