Brief History and Status of Cryogenic Pellets in Fusion Energy Research*
S. K. Combs
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6169
combssk@ornl.gov
High-speed injection of solid fuel was first proposed in 1954 (Spitzer et al., USAEC Report NYO-6047) as a possible solution to the problem of transporting fresh fuel across the confining magnetic fields into the plasma of a fusion...
Fuelling system is an important technological component of a fusion machine. With the advancement towards building up fusion reactors, plasma parameters like density and temperature are on rising scale. To have peaked density profile in such plasmas, fuelling by pellet injection has proved as efficient technology. India has its internal program for development of pellet injectors. The...
Core fuelling of a DEMO tokamak fusion reactor is under investigation within the EUROfusion Work Package “Tritium, Fuelling and Vacuum” (WP-TFV). An extensive analysis of fuelling requirements and of related presently available fuelling technologies, indicate that pellet injection still represents, to date, the most realistic option. Modelling of both pellet penetration and fuel deposition...
Ten identical cryopumps (CVP) are to be installed in corresponding divertor volumes of Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) stellarator before commencing the steady state phase of operation (OP 2). Each CVP is typically made of two units connected by a transfer line and is fed with a dedicated plug-in. The units consist of water baffle, liquid nitrogen (LN2) baffle, helium panel and LN2 cooled housing. All...
Over the last few years much effort has been invested in modeling the complex geometry of divertor and subdivertor region in tokamak fusion devices. The main goal is the investigation of the impact of neutral gas dynamics on the particle removal process, during operation. Depending on the plasma conditions at the divertor, the exhausted neutral gas flow is more likely to be in the continuum...
In addition to rapid recovery and processing plasma ash discharge gases, fast separation of hydrogen isotopes and rapid D-T fuel balance is also an important technical content of TEP system. In this paper a cryogenic chromatography method for reprocessing Tokamak exhaust gas is described. The experimental apparatus consists of a column with carbon molecular sieve used as exhaust storing and...
