Plasma density enhancement is common during plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) processes [1]. This effect manifests itself as a significantly increased current density to the target. The enhanced plasma density presents issues for accurate dosimetry in plasma ion implantation processes. Plasma density enhancement can be modelled using an empirically determined density enhancement factor...
This study investigates the optimization of target utilization, defined as the ratio of the total sputtered mass at the target's end-of-life to its initial mass, in a 3" planar circular sputtering magnetron. The study is conducted by modeling the ion bombardment process and predicting the resulting sputtering behavior. A self-consistent, axisymmetric 2D-3V Particle-In-Cell Monte Carlo...
We report the results of 3D particle-in-cell simulations of cylindrical Penning discharge in the so called reflex configuration with the cathode and anti-cathode biased to the same negative potential. The discharge is supported by thermionic electron emission from the cathode. Electron and ion collisions, including ionization, are fully included. The emphasis is on a specific regime in which...
The magnetic-field-dependent fluorescence properties of NV$^{-}$ center defects embedded within a diamond matrix have made them a candidate for solid state qubits for quantum computing as well as magnetic field sensing. Microwave plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD) of diamond with \emph{in situ} nitrogen doping has provided reproducibility and uniformity in the production of...
The classic picture of the Birkeland current system includes a poleward (R1) and an equatorward (R2) sheet at most local times [Iijima and Potemra, 1976a], with an additional poleward sheet near noon [Iijima and Potemra 1976b] and midnight (in the Harang region). Away from noon and midnight, the R1/R2 currents are generally considered to form a nearly-balanced pair, with a fraction of the R1...
