Unlike Earth, Mars does not possess an upstream solar wind monitor. This lack of continuous solar wind observations has fundamentally limited scientific studies that investigate solar wind impacts on the Mars space environment. This lack of a dedicated upstream monitor has also limited emerging operational tasks for predicting space weather throughout our solar system. Previous estimates of...
The lunar ionosphere is a ∼100 km thick layer of plasma surrounding the Moon. Despite knowledge of its existence for decades, the structure and dynamics of the lunar plasma remain a mystery due to lack of consistent observational capacity. An enhanced observational picture of the lunar ionosphere and improved understanding of its formation/loss mechanisms is critical for understanding the...
The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) is a very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) array that has the capacity to resolve images of supermassive black holes such as Sagittarius A and M87. Turbulence in the interstellar medium distorts images of objects near the galactic center, e.g., Sagittarius A*. This reduces the angular resolution that could be resolved. The scattering screen changes on...
The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) has captured images resolving the horizon of Sagittarius A (Sgr A∗), unveiling a new window into understanding strong gravity and cosmology. Scattering from the turbulent plasma of the interstellar medium distort the appearance of Sgr A, limiting the practical angular resolution of Sgr A*. We utilized a recurrent neural network trained on samples ignorant to...
The term Strong Thermal Emission Velocity Enhancement (STEVE) refers to a distinct form of continuum optical emission, an east-west oriented ribbon of mauve light in the near-midnight sky at sub-auroral latitudes. The mechanisms underlying the formation of STEVE are presently unresolved. Using laboratory measurements and the published events of STEVE in the literature (e.g., MacDonald et al.,...
