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Two-dimensional (2D) hybrid perovskite materials have emerged as promising candidates for next-generation scintillators due to their high light yields, fast radiative recombination and low-temperature solution-processability [1]. Unlike conventional scintillators, these materials offer exceptional structural and compositional tunability through variation of the organic spacer and inorganic framework, enabling precise control over their optical and scintillation properties.
The aim of this study is to develop a bright, efficient radiation detector using different fabrication processes such as doping and pellet pressing. In this work, we report the fabrication and characterisation of the 2D perovskites n-butylammonium lead bromide (BA2PbBr4), phenethylammonium lead bromide (PEA2PbBr4) tetramethyl-1,3-propanediamonium lead bromide (TMPDAPbBr4) and using several techniques. High-quality crystals are grown using a slow-cooling method, yielding large 2cmx2cm sized crystals up to 1.5mm thick. Dopants such as Manganese and Rubidium can be incorporated into the initial solution. Dopants allow desirable properties to be selected such as enhanced light yields, emission wavelengths and lifetimes.
For practical handling and scintillation measurements, the as-grown crystals can be ground into a fine powder and compressed into pellets using a hydraulic press. This process enables uniform sizes and thicknesses of material. PEA2PbBr4 single crystals and pellets show a higher light yield compared to commercial scintillator LYSO. BA2PbBr4 and PEA2PbBR4 also shows a strong response to gamma radiation with resolvable peaks. A further advantage of these three perovskites is their uniquely short lifetime under 10ns compared to LYSO at 40ns and other commercial scintillators in the millisecond range [2]. Traditional scintillator materials also often suffer from high fabrication costs and limited tunability. These 2D perovskites therefore serve as a promising candidate for the next generation of scintillators for radiation detection.
[1] A. Xie, F. Maddalena, M. E. Witkowski, et al., Library of two-dimensional hybrid lead halide perovskite scintillator crystals, Chemistry of Materials, vol. 32, no. 19 2020, pp. 8530–8539, 2020.
[2] G. F. Knoll and H. W. Kraner, Radiation Detection and Measurement. 1981, vol. 69, p. 495, ISBN: 0471073385. DOI: 10.1109/PROC.1981.12016.