Speakers
Description
A precise understanding of matter effects is essential for neutrino oscillation experiments that
aim to explore leptonic CP violation. As neutrinos propagate through the Earth, coherent forward
scattering with electrons modifies their oscillation behavior, and these effects depend sensitively on
the underlying matter density profile. In this work, we study three-flavor neutrino oscillations in
vacuum and matter by incorporating a realistic Earth density distribution based on the Preliminary
Reference Earth Model (PREM). The neutrino evolution equations are solved numerically with a
position-dependent matter potential, and the resulting oscillation probabilities are compared with
those obtained using commonly employed constant-density approximations. Particular emphasis
is placed on CP-sensitive νµ → νe appearance probabilities relevant for long-baseline neutrino
experiments. Our study highlights the role of realistic Earth matter modeling in achieving reliable
predictions for precision oscillation studies.
