Ion extractor grids are the beam-forming component of the ion source[1]–[3]. It plays a vital role in separation of ions from plasma source and accelerated to the desired energy for Neutral Beam (NB) production required for Tokamak plasma heating and current drive. Steady-State Superconducting Tokamak (SST) -1 NB Injection (NBI) system has rectangular ion extraction area of size 23 cm (W) × 48...
Neutrino oscillation experiments establish that neutrinos have nonzero but very small masses, which is beyond the scope of Standard Model of particle physics. Radiative neutrino mass models address this by generating neutrino masses at the loop level, naturally suppressing their scale. By considering the scotogenic model, this study established a framework for the minimal mass of neutrinos at...
Abstract
Context: Image analysis and boundary detection are critical in diagnostic and monitoring systems where intensity variations must be resolved under noise and limited resolution. Quantum image processing, using superposition and interference principles, offers novel representations and operations for structured analysis, which can complement classical approaches in imaging-intensive...
Plasma sheaths are non-neutral boundary layers that form adjacent to material surfaces
due to the higher mobility of electrons relative to ions, establishing a strong electrostatic field
normal to the boundary. Under steady-state (DC) conditions, sheath formation is governed by
the Bohm criterion, which requires ions to enter the sheath with a velocity exceeding a critical
value [1–3]....
Analysis of Microplastic Pollution in Water
Anshika Sharma, Priti Kumari, Deepak Pathania*
Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Rahya-Suchani, (Bagla), Samba, Jammu & Kashmir 181143, India
Email: priti8082301137@gmail.com
Abstract
Microplastic pollution has emerged as a critical environmental concern due to its widespread presence and persistence in...
Analysis of Microplastic Pollution in Water
Anshika Sharma, Priti Kumari, Deepak Pathania*
Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Rahya-Suchani, (Bagla), Samba, Jammu & Kashmir 181143, India
Email: anshikacaip@gmail.com
Abstract
Microplastic pollution has emerged as a critical environmental concern due to its widespread presence and persistence in aquatic...
The APPEL (Applied Plasma Physics Experiments in Linear) device is a versatile linear plasma facility that can support a wide range of experiments, such as plasma-wall interaction studies, pre-ionization start-up experiments, and ion heating investigations, making it an ideal test bed for both fundamental and applied plasma research. The device operates over a wide gas pressure range, from...
Hydrogen is one of the best alternatives to traditional fuels for developing carbon-less energy resources. However, the hydrogen containing resources are utilized to generate hydrogen. Traditionally, methane (CH4) is used in industries to generate hydrogen while acetylene (C2H2) is used to form carbon black. A popular method to generate hydrogen from methane is steam methane reforming (SMR)...
New inventions and technologies are conceived every day, yet many remain dormant within the laboratory. Whether by oversight or missed connections, we often fail to breathe life into these innovations and bridge the gap to industrial application. Ultimately, process efficiency, environmental sustainability, and economic viability are the pillars that determine a product's marketability and...
We extend the isolated horizon formalism
to include rotating black holes arising in five dimensional Einstein- Gauss- Bonnet (EGB) theory of gravity, and derive the laws of black hole mechanics. This result allows us to show that the first law of black hole mechanics is modified, due to the Gauss- Bonnet term, so as to include corrections to (i) the area of horizon cross- sections and, to...
The tokamak scheme for magnetic confinement of hot plasma requires careful optimization before operations with active fusion grade plasmas. The Con-trolled operations aim to maintain a thermalized state of hot plasma species where generation of fast beam-like population of electron species must be prevented, especially during the disruption events when sudden loss of plasma current induces...
Manganese ferrite and zinc ferrite nanoparticles were successfully synthesized using the autocombustion method, which offers advantages such as low synthesis temperature, rapid reaction and uniform composition. The structural characteristics of the prepared samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The XRD results confirmed the formation of a single-phase cubic spinel ferrite structure...
Abstract:
The transition from fundamental plasma physics to translational material science requires robust, scalable hardware capable of precise plasma-matter interactions. While plasma processing is a staple in semiconductor manufacturing, there is a lack of accessible, versatile systems capable of handling the diverse requirements of 2D/3D nanomaterials, polymers, and complex oxides in a...
Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is generally a nonthermal plasma having plasma gas temperature around room temperature. Presence of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) in CAP along with the charge particles makes the CAP a therapeutically important agent. Application of cold plasma in the field of biomedicine is recently becomes a cutting-edge research field since last two decades. CAP...
Black holes are described as regions from which light cannot escape to an asymptotically faraway observer, and the boundary of this black hole region is called an Event Horizon (EH). During the 70s-80s, the EH formulation had been used to study classical and quantum properties of black holes, including their thermodynamics. However, it has been understood that EH are teleological; their...
Electropositive argon plasma mixed with small fraction of electronegative oxygen gas is widely used in plasma processing applications such as etching, thin-film deposition, oxide formation and negative ion sources, where precise control over plasma density and negative ion concentration is essential for process optimization [1-4]. Since the plasma characteristics strongly depend on gas...
Carbon Capture and Utilization (CCU) is essential for mitigating climate change by re-purposing $CO_2$ emissions into sustainable fuels and chemicals. A pivotal step in this process is the conversion of $CO_2$ into carbon monoxide (CO), a precursor for syngas, methanol, and Fischer-Tropsch hydrocarbons. While traditional thermal and electrochemical methods often suffer from high costs, limited...
Sustainable and Inclusive development of a nation like India is about developing a method of resource use that aims to meet human needs across the entire socio-economic spectrum while preserving the environment so that these needs can be met not only in the present, but in the indefinite future. Energy is the primary resource closely linked to the economic growth while preservation of ecology...
The upcoming talk will offer a thorough exploration of critical topics surrounding nuclear energy and its implications for the future. A central focus will be the SHANTI Bill, which aims to improve safety and accountability in the nuclear sector by addressing public concerns and refining regulatory frameworks. Additionally, the discussion will cover the Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Act,...
The rapid expansion of satellite missions has created a growing demand for compact, low-power propulsion systems capable of delivering precise micro-Newton thrust for orbit correction, station keeping, and attitude control. Conventional propulsion technologies often rely on mechanical complexity or propellant-intensive processes that limit scalability for small platforms. Plasma-based electric...
Strontium ferrite (SrFe₂O₄) nanoparticles with a spinel structure were prepared using the sol-gel method. The structural, dielectric, and optical properties of the nanoparticles were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), LCR measurements, UV-visible spectroscopy, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. XRD results confirmed the formation of a single-phase cubic spinel structure at...
Abstract
Context: Accurate 3D reconstruction from 2D images is vital for both astronomical studies and imaging-intensive experimental systems, where structural identification under limited resolution and noise is crucial.
Purpose: This work evaluates the MiDaS DPT-Large model on synthetic galaxy images with ground truth depth maps, motivated by applications requiring precise structural...
Green synthesis of nano materials against bacteria and viruses for treatment of pathogen
Hawani Choudhary, Deepak Pathania
Department of Environment Sciences, Central University of Jammu,
Rahya Suchani(Bagla) Samba , Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir ,181143, India
Corresponding Author: Hawani Choudhary hawanichoudhary9@gmail.com
Abstract
Green synthesis of nanomaterials has...
Self-organized nanopattern formation on solid surfaces through low-energy ion beam sputtering has emerged as a versatile technique for nanoscale surface engineering. While continuous ion irradiation has been extensively investigated [1–6], the effects of intermittent (pulsed) ion exposure, particularly when coupled with controlled substrate temperature variation, remain comparatively less...
Capacitively coupled discharges are extensively employed in industrial applications such as deep reactive ion etching and plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) owing to their excellent plasma uniformity, precise controllability, and strong ion directionality toward the electrodes. Optimization of plasma parameters is essential for improving process efficiency and productivity;...
Black hole is a large compact object, where the existence of gravity is so strong that any particle or electromagnetic wave cannot escape out of it. Again, no-hair theorem states that a black hole can be characterized by only three parameters: mass, charge and angular momentum. On the other hand, 99% of the visible Universe is composed of plasma, a state of matter dominated by charged...
The growing demand for renewable energy has accelerated research on efficient enzymatic conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into biofuels. However, the large-scale application of free cellulase enzymes is limited by high cost, low stability, and poor reusability. Iron-based nanobiocatalytic systems, particularly cellulase immobilized on iron oxide nanoparticles, have emerged as effective...
The Inter-University Accelerator Centre (IUAC) is the first Inter-University Centre (IUC) in India, providing energised ion beams that span nearly the entire periodic table, with energy ranges from a few tens of electron volts (eV) to several hundred million electron volts (MeV). It serves a diverse research community across the country. The facility offers advanced experimental capabilities...
Optimization of Acid Hydrolysis of Lantana camara Biomass for Reducing Sugar Production toward Biofuels and Bioproducts
Bhanu Pratap*, Zaheer Ud Din Sheikh, Deepak Pathania
Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Rahya-Suchani, (Bagla), Samba, Jammu & Kashmir 181143, India
Email: bp4096552@gmail.com
Abstract
One of the most destructive invasive plant species is...
This talk explores the synergistic relationship between laser and plasma sciences, bridging fundamental physics with material engineering. The work on laser-produced isotopically pure plasmas, focusing on the complex ion collection dynamics essential for isotopic purification process, will be presented. In biomedical applications, laser-induced surface structuring that can be used to tune the...
Core/shell Fe-based nanoparticles were synthesized using a thermal arc plasma technique. To investigate the influence of an external magnetic field, synthesis was carried out in a helium atmosphere at an arc current of 50 A and atmospheric pressure, both in the presence and absence of a transverse magnetic field of approximately 100 G applied perpendicular to the plasma plume.
Transmission...
Core/shell Fe-based nanoparticles were synthesized using a thermal arc plasma technique. To investigate the influence of an external magnetic field, synthesis was carried out in a helium atmosphere at an arc current of 50 A and atmospheric pressure, both in the presence and absence of a transverse magnetic field of approximately 100 G applied perpendicular to the plasma plume.
Transmission...
A titanium-based multilayer thin-film system fabricated via magnetron sputtering represents a highly promising architecture for visible-light-driven photocatalytic applications. In this heterostructured design, each constituent layer is deliberately engineered to perform a distinct yet synergistic role in enhancing light absorption, charge transport, and surface redox reactions. The multilayer...
The neutral beam injector (NBI) is one of the most successful and popular auxiliary heating and current drive systems for fusion devices. The popularity increases after the discovery of H-mode or high-confinement mode of plasma in ASDEX tokamak due to intense heating of the tokamak plasma by its NBIs [F. Wagner et.al., PRL49, pp. 1409 - 1412 (1982) ]. This H-mode breakthrough gave a big boost...
Non thermal / Low pressure plasmas have a unique place in processing of functional materials. These plasmas are widely used for various industrial processes including thin film deposition by Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD) and Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD). These plasmas have the ability to generate chemically reactive species at low temperature which is due to the non-equilibrium nature...
Numerical Simulation of Hydrogen Atom using Physics-Informed Neural Networks
Kanika1, Ishwar Kant1, Ayushi Awasthi1, and O. S. K. S. Sastri1
Department of Physics and Astronomical Sciences Central University of Himachal Pradesh, ?
Dharamshala - 176215, India
Abstract
Background: The hydrogen atom is the simplest bound quantum system and serves as a ?
standard benchmark for testing...
Nonlinear wave structures (solitons) in strongly coupled Plasmas arise from the interplay of dispersion, nonlinearity, screening, and interparticle correlations [1-3]. Depending on the Mach number, a moving or localized source can excite upstream precursor solitons or pinned solitons that remain locked to the source [4]. In this study, precursor and pinned solitons are first analyzed within...
Computational framework implemented for simulation of low frequency three dimensional electrostatic edge harmonic mode observed near the vicinity of the plasma boundary region of tokamak configuration. The underlying driven mechanism associated with this particular mode identified. In addition, several distinct forms of stabilization mechanism has also been recognized. Two-fluid based model...
Recent advances in molecular biology and biomedical research have led to the development and utilization of new techniques and agents for treating diseases. One such technique is Cold Atmospheric Plasma (CAP), which is increasingly adopted in healthcare. Over the last two decades, CAP has attracted the attention of many biomedical scientists due to its ability to generate reactive species [1]....
Abstract
Background:
Understanding vibrational energy levels in diatomic molecules is fundamental to molecular spectroscopy and quantum chemistry, as these levels govern molecular structure and dynamics. However, conventional numerical approaches often rely on predefined analytical wavefunctions or supervised datasets, which can limit their applicability in the presence of anharmonic...
The world population continuously icnreasing and there are growing concerns about future global food production and consumption. Feeding a growing global population under increasing environmental constraints is one of the major challenges of our time. Conventional agricultural fertilization has delivered remarkable gains, but often at the cost of soil health, biodiversity, and long-term...
Nagendra Kumar Kaushik,1 Linh Nhat Nguyen,2 Apurva Jaiswal,1 Subhadip Mukherjee,1 Neha Rana,1 Anahita Bharda Vispi,1 Oat Bahadur Dhakal,1 Roshani Dahal,1Neha Kaushik,3 Eun Ha Choi1
1Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Department of Electronic and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea
2Laboratory of Plasma Technology, Institute of Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of...
Plasma-Activated Water (PAW) has emerged as a promising technology for food processing applications, demonstrating effectiveness in surface sanitation, produce blanching, and fruit decontamination. Its ability to reduce microbial load, prolong shelf life, and maintain nutritional value has drawn significant research interest. PAW contains reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), which...
We discuss the design and performance of a pulse-forming network (PFN)–based pulsed power
supply developed for whistler wave excitation in the Large Volume Plasma Device (LVPD-U).
The LVPD-U produces a quiescent argon plasma with a typical density of ~3 × 10¹⁷ m⁻³ and an
electron temperature of ~4–5 eV, immersed in an axial magnetic field of 6.2 G. The pulsed
power system is based on the...
India’s march toward becoming a developed and self-reliant nation will be powered by indigenous, cutting-edge technologies capable of transforming society at scale. Among these, pulsed power, plasma, and beam technologies stand out as true game-changers. Pulsed power systems, capable of delivering multi-gigawatt bursts within micro- to nanosecond timescales, hold immense strategic importance...
Abstract
Context: Edge detection is critical in image-based diagnostics where intensity variations must be resolved under low resolution and noisy conditions. Quantum image processing, using superposition and interference, offers alternative approaches to classical gradient-based methods.
Purpose: This study surveys quantum Hadamard-based and classical edge detection techniques, explicitly...
The transient application of cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAP) exposes cells to reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) which changes the redox status of cells immediately. However, several biological changes occur hours or days later. Therefore, it is difficult to establish relationships between applied doses and CAP effectors with biological outcomes and CAP dosing remains...
Background: Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are numerical methods for solving partial
differential equations by embedding physical laws into the learning process. In quantum mechanics,
they provide smooth approximations of wavefunctions, enabling the computation of standard
observables as well as Bohmian quantities. The quantum harmonic oscillator is a fundamental model
with...
Background: The time-independent Schrödinger equation is central to the description of
bound states and quantum tunneling in double-well potential systems. Such potentials are
important in molecular inversion phenomena and can also arise as effective quantum
potentials in plasma environments due to external fields, confinement effects, and plasma-
surface interactions. Conventional...
Co-traveling ion beams interact with one another along the beam transport path primarily through space-charge (SC) forces (coulomb), which can significantly influence beam propagation and power transport efficiency of multi-beam group-based ion sources. Previous studies in the ROBIN source have shown the role of SC interactions during transport, and their correlation with the accelerator...
BaFe₂O₄ is an emerging functional ferrite material known for its versatile magnetic, optical, and electrochemical properties. Owing to its orthorhombic spinel-like crystal structure slightly different from typical spinal structure and narrow band gap, BaFe₂O₄ has gained attention for applications in energy storage, photocatalysis, sensing, and environmentally sustainable...
Magnetorheological fluids (MRFs) rely on the dynamic interplay of magnetic interaction, particles dispersion, and viscoelastic response, yet achieving long-term sedimentation stability without significantly compromising magnetic properties remains a significant challenge. This study introduces a pioneering strategy by employing polyaniline (PAni) as a scaffold-like additive to enhance the...
Nitrogen forms the most vital organic compounds of life like amino acids, proteins, nucleoside triphosphates, the molecular precursors to nucleic acids DNA and RNA. In spite of nitrogen being highly abundant in atmosphere, it cannot be directly used by most of the living organisms. The strong triple covalent bond makes it to behave mostly like an inert gas. Nitrogen needs to combine with some...
Molecular reactions and the interaction of molecules with charged particles and photons are
central to the chemical sciences. In this talk, I will talk about: (i) a hybrid electrostatic ion beam trap (HEIBT) and (ii) the dissociation dynamics of molecular ions produced through interactions with charged particles and photons. The HEIBT enables coincidence imaging of
both cationic and neutral...
Wastewater treatment using constructed wetland of ornamental plants
Triveni Sumbria*, Krishma Kumari, Deepak Pathania
Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Rahya-Suchani (Bagla) Samba, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, 181143, India
*Corresponding author: Triveni Sumbria sumbriatriveni@gmail.com
Abstract
The continuous discharge of untreated domestic, industrial,...
ZnO/g-C₃N₄ heterojunctions were synthesized by systematically varying the concentration of zinc nitrate hexahydrate, and the effect of this variation on the structural, optical, and photocatalytic properties was investigated using experimental techniques. The optical band gap energies were evaluated from UV–visible spectroscopy, revealing that the band gap of ZnO/g-C₃N₄ heterojunctions lies in...
