Speaker
Description
Pollution remains one of the most significant environmental challenges of the modern world, affecting air, water, soil, and overall ecosystem stability. This abstract provides an overview of major pollutants and the human activities that generate them. Air pollutants such as carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter primarily originate from transportation, industrial processes, and the burning of fossil fuels. Water pollution arises from agricultural runoff, sewage discharge, industrial effluents, and plastic waste, introducing contaminants like heavy metals, pathogens, and microplastics into aquatic systems. Soil pollution results from excessive use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and improper waste disposal, leading to reduced soil quality and potential health risks. Additional forms of pollution—such as noise, light, and radioactive pollution—stem from urbanization, energy production, and technological development. Understanding the sources and types of pollutants is essential for designing effective mitigation strategies. This overview highlights the urgent need for stronger environmental regulations, adoption of cleaner technologies, and increased public awareness to reduce pollutant impacts and protect both human health and natural ecosystems.
