Matter consists of particles and waves. Every day we interact with particles while essentially disregarding waves. Quantum mechanics mathematically describe matter from the wavesโ perspective while disregarding particles. This description does not reflect our everyday experience with matter.
The double slit experiment shows that electrons inherently have wave properties. Quantum...
Many recent investigations conclude, based on asymptotic complexity analyses, that quantum computers could accelerate combinatorial optimization (CO) tasks relative to a purely classical
computer. However, asymptotic analysis alone cannot support a credible claim of quantum advantage. Here, we highlight the challenges involved in benchmarking quantum and classical heuristics...
Quantum gravity seeks to unify quantum mechanics and general relativity into a coherent framework, addressing fundamental questions about space-time at the Planck scale. This pursuit has inspired diverse theoretical approaches, including string theory, loop quantum gravity, causal dynamical triangulations, and emergent space-time models, each predicting distinct phenomenological signatures. On...
Transmission of entangled photons through optical fiber underpins quantum key distribution (QKD), quantum computing, and the quantum internet. However, polarization mode dispersion (PMD) remains a key obstacle to distributing polarization-entangled photons over deployed fiber, especially for broadband sources where wavelength-dependent polarization rotation accumulates into measurement...
Parity nonconservation (PNC) in atoms is a tiny weak interaction effect,
arising largely from Z-boson exchange between atomic electrons and neutrons. This has been a rich area of study for the past few decades with the weak charge measured with up to a fraction of a percent precision, and the nuclear anapole moment experimentally observed once, with an uncertainty approaching 10%. Of recent...
Multimodal learning, which integrates heterogeneous data modalities including text, vision, and sensor signals, has made remarkable progress. Yet, effectively capturing complex relationships across modalities remains a challenge, especially in settings with numerous input streams. Existing methods often restrict these interactions to remain computationally tractable: tensor-based models...
Understanding interaction-driven phenomena in nanoscale quantum systems far from equilibrium is essential for describing how spatially separated quantum systems entangle and exchange energy, momentum, and information. In this work, we investigate Coulomb drag and nonequilibrium dispersion forces between two interacting quantum dots, each connected in parallel to its own macroscopic leads....
Quantum tunnelling is a fundamental process, ubiquitous across nature and technology, with a prominent role in phenomena ranging from stellar fusion and ATP synthesis to nanoscale electronics. Standard descriptions based on single-particle quantum mechanics (QM) or its relativistic version (RQM) have demonstrated utility, accurately predicting alpha particle decay half-lives across 26 orders...
Iceberg breakup, calving and frequency is dependent on the Youngโs modulus of the iceberg. However, in current models of iceberg calving, the effective Young's modulus is essentially guessed by tuning this parameter until the model works. Icebergs have been shown to resonate at certain wave periods with flexural amplitudes that cannot be explained by simple bending suggesting that spectral...
As quantum nanotechnologies continue to advance, they require continually increasing physical properties from their thin film superconductive components, including a samples critical current density (JC) and critical temperature. This research focuses on characterising the impacts of varied layering designs, and alterations to deposition temperature, for films of less than 200 nm thickness....
Electrocatalytic glycerol oxidation reaction (GOR) has emerged as a sustainable and energy-efficient alternative to the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), offering the dual benefit of hydrogen (Hโ) generation and selective upgrading of biomass-derived glycerol into value-added chemicals like formate. However, the development of cost-effective, active, and stable electrocatalysts for GOR at low...
We claim that quantum collapse, as per the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics, follows naturally from the energetics of measurement. We argue that a realistic device generates an interaction energy that drives a random walk in Hilbert space and generates the probabilistic interpretation of Born.
This work characterises families of guiding states for the Guided Local Hamiltonian problem, revealing new connections between physical constraints and computational complexity.
Focusing on states motivated by Quantum Chemistry and Hamiltonian Complexity, we extend prior BQP-hardness results beyond semi-classical subset states by demonstrating that broader state families preserve...
We investigate the density classification task DCT โdetermining the majority bit in a one-dimensional binary latticeโwithin the quantum cellular automata framework. While classical cellular automata constrained by locality, homogeneity, and irreversible rules, cannot solve the DCT perfectly, we explore whether a unitary quantum model can succeed. Specifically, we employ the Partitioned Unitary...
Corrosion is a pervasive issue that impacts the structural integrity and performance of materials across various industries, imposing a significant economic impact globally. In fields like aerospace and defense, developing corrosion-resistant materials is critical, but progress is often hindered by the complexities of material-environment interactions. While computational methods have advanced...
Non-Gaussian optical resources are central to scalable quantum networks, precision sensing and photonic computing. A direct route is generating correlated photon triplets, yet optical third-order spontaneous parametric down-conversion (TOSPDC) is difficult because ฯ(3) nonlinearities are weak and dispersion and phase-matching are complex. We introduce a general modelling framework that...
Time optimal control theory is a new and emergent branch of physics that seeks to modify the dynamic operators encoding the time evolution of the system in order to achieve optimised transitions between input and output states. Recent progress in the analysis of the hyperbolic brachistochrone equation using this method has uncovered a link to the Fubini-Study metric, an important object in the...
Rare-earth (RE) doped materials have emerged as promising candidates for photonic and optoelectronic applications due to their outstanding luminescent properties. Among these, lanthanide-activated phosphate-based phosphors stand out for their unique combination of mechanical, optical, electrical, magnetic and chemical characteristics, alongside their eco-friendliness, cost-effectiveness and...
Unsupervised machine learning, specifically self-organizing maps with relational perspective mapping (SOM-RPM), is a practical tool for thoughtful and considered analysis of complex hyperspectral data sets. The SOM-RPM approach treats each pixel in a hyperspectral image as a sample, clustering spectra based on similarity. This method creates a colour-coded similarity map in which changes in...
Precise control of quantum states is a key requirement for the development of quantum-based technologies. Engineering point defects in low-dimensional materials provides a promising approach to achieving this control, as strong in-plane coupling can accelerate quantum gate operations while mitigating decoherence. Hexagonally layered beryllium oxide (h-BeO) is a recently synthesised...
Band crossings in electronic band structures play an important role in determining the electronic, topological, and transport properties in solid-state systems, making them central to both condensed matter physics and materials science. The emergence of noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) processors has sparked great interest in developing quantum algorithms to compute band structure...
This study presents a simplistic way to synthesize LiSr(1-x)VO4: xMn2+ nanophosphors with 0.25 โคx โค3.0 mol% by using combustion method. The structural, spectral and optical properties were examined using XRD, UV-Vis spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-rays (EDAX), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The...
This article introduces a novel technique for mitigating longitudinal elastic waves in one-dimensional (1D) composite structures by utilizing inerter-based vibration absorbers paired with multifrequency resonators (MFRs). The proposed 1D resonant structure features an array of regularly spaced inerter-based absorbers embedded along an isotropic 1D framework. Each absorber is equipped with a...
The gravitational redshift, as originally proposed by Einstein, has light emitted from atoms deeper in a gravitational potential redshifted. The frequencies of atoms slow in proportion to the fractional decrease in stored energy when the field from surrounding mass increases. Gravitational attraction arises from a loss in mass (stored energy) when closer to other massive bodies. The decrease...
Noise characterisation is a critical bottleneck in scaling quantum technologies. While uncorrelated errors are relatively well understood, correlated or non-Markovian noise, where memory effects persist across multiple operations remains far harder to capture. This non-Markovian noise has been detected in state-of-the-art quantum devices like those of IBM and Google. However, standard...
Venus at ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths exhibits distinct light and dark markings (Rossow et al., 1980). The discovery of sulfur dioxide ($SO_2$) using a ground-based high resolution spectrometer explained Venusโ albedo at wavelengths < 320 nm but not these dark markings at 320-500 nm (Esposito et al., 1979; Pollack et al.; 1980, Pรฉrez-Hoyos et al., 2018). So at least one other absorber must be...
Quantum simulation of molecular Hamiltonians represents one of the most promising applications of quantum computing. At the heart of most quantum simulation algorithms lies the fundamental challenge of decomposing the evolution operator $e^{-iHt}$ for a composite Hamiltonian $H = X + Y$ into a sequence of implementable quantum gates. Product formulae, also known as Trotter-Suzuki...
This study examines the practical application of Newton's second law (F=ma) by systematically analyzing the effects of resistance forces in real-world systems. Through controlled experiments using calibrated weighing scales, we measure frictional variations (1.44-1.80N across surfaces with ฮผ=0.1-0.7) and air resistance (0.24-0.37N) to develop an enhanced force equation (F=ma+r) that...
The strong interaction binds up and down quarks together to form hadrons such as protons and neutrons and heavier states containing strange or charm quarks. At low energies, hadron properties cannot be determined via analytic or perturbative approaches to quantum chromodynamics (QCD). Instead, we make use of a numerical approach to QCD known as lattice QCD (LQCD). In this work, we calculate...
Turbulence is one of the most elusive topics in physics that remains to be solved. Superfluid helium is a strongly interacting quantum fluidโcharacterised by a vanishing viscosityโand has been a vastly successful platform in furthering our understanding of turbulent flows in recent years [1]. The dynamics of quantised vortices play an essential role in the classical-to-quantum transition of...
The measured orbital velocity distributions of stars in galaxies and the observed gravitational lensing effects in galaxy clusters suggest that there should be more mass than that can be explained by the visible mass of stars, gas and dust in the galaxies. This unseen mass or matter, generally referred to as dark matter, has puzzled physicists for a few decades and has now become one of the...
As dark matter continues to evade direct detection, new physics, such as theoretical particles, must be hypothesised to explain inconsistencies in astrophysical and cosmological observations. One of these proposed hypothetical particles, the dark photon, could be detected by liquid noble gas scintillators, such as the XENON experiment, through ionisation in an atom via the photoelectric...
Interest in 2D superconducting materials has been gaining momentum in recent years due to its potential applications for nanoscale devices such as superconducting transistors, quantum interferometers, and superconducting qubits. In particular, a family of materials known as layered hexagonal metal borides ($MB_2$) has garnered intrigue as a probe for investigating the behaviour of...
Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are a promising approach to the decoding problem of Quantum Error Correction (QEC), but have observed consistent difficulty when generalising performance to larger QEC codes. Recent scalability-focused approaches have split the decoding workload by using local ANNs to perform initial syndrome processing and leaving final processing to a global residual...
Advanced epitaxy techniques have become essential for superconducting quantum circuits due to their ability to fabricate high-quality and low-loss superconductors. Atomic layer deposition, which provides precise layer-by-layer growth, is widely adopted in complex 3D architectures in advanced silicon manufacturing, such as FinFETs and gate-all-around transistors. In this study, we investigate...
The atmospheres of Venus and Mars are primarily CO$_2$. CO$_2$ photolyses at wavelengths $\lesssim$ 200 nm to CO and O. Direct recombination via CO+O+M $\rightarrow$ CO$_2$+M is very slow so the rate of production of CO$_2$ to balance its loss via photolysis is controlled by the abundances of trace radicals that catalyse production of CO$_2$ (eg., Yung and DeMore, Icarus 51, 199, 1982). These...
In this work, we consider a nondegenerate four-level closed-loop system where the relative phase shift between various applied fields can effectively modulate the response for the probe field. This configuration can be realized in the $^6$Li $D_1$ line transition hyperfine structure. Due to the closed-loop structure, the phase difference between the control and the probe field gives rise to...
The deflection of relativistic electron beams by magnetic fields leads to synchrotron radiation, which has found broad use in the fields of materials science, biology, medicine, cultural heritage, and
more. Although the performance of synchrotron light sources may be quantified by various metrics, their spectral brightness, which is in turn inversely proportional to the electron beam...
We present our ongoing efforts toward the preparation of BoseโEinstein condensate (BEC) of metastable helium [1], which enables several atomic quantum experiments.
To achieve a high phase-space density for BEC, the sequence starts with the atomic source and Low velocity intense source(LVIS), followed by MOT,compressed MOT,magnetic trap,1D Doppler cooling, and ends with transfer to an optical...
The pioneering experiments of Fermi and others in the 1940s revealed that thermal and cold neutrons exhibit coherent quantum wave phenomena such as interference, diffraction, and reflection [1].
It was soon recognised that this unique quantum beam offered major advantages for studying atomic structures in solids. Today, numerous international facilities produce brilliant neutron beams to...
Dicke states, permutationally symmetric superpositions of two-level excitations, are pivotal resources in quantum information science and metrology [1, 2]. Their robust multipartite entanglement makes them ideal candidates for surpassing standard quantum limits in sensing and computation. However, generating arbitrary symmetric states in ion traps, Dicke states being a subset, remains...
Galaxy mergers play a pivotal role in shaping the structure and evolution of galaxies. This study investigates how spiral galaxies morphologically transform after merging with companion galaxies, focusing on the relationship between initial merger conditions and the resulting structures. Observational data from SDSS and HST archives will be integrated with high-resolution simulations like...
The Medusae Fossae Formation [MFF] is a significant and complex geological feature on Mars that extends for more than 5,000 km along the equator of Mars. The soft, easily eroded deposits rise 4km from the Northern Plains of Elysium Planitia to the Southern Highlands. It has been suggested that the MMF was emplaced during the Hesperian epoch (3.8-3.0 billion years ago) and has been physically...
The science of time optimisation has a long and illustrious history dating to the original investigations of Fermat in discovering the ray principle of optics and the brachistochrone; others such as Pontryagin followed with many applications in control theory, physics and engineering science. In this talk we will discuss how to apply the methods of time optimisation and variational calculus to...
Levitated optomechanics offers a promising pathway to explore the boundary between quantum and classical physics, as well as for quantum-enhanced sensing with mesoscopic objects. In particular, levitated silica nanoparticles cooled to their quantum ground state could enable fundamental tests of quantum mechanics. Achieving this goal requires efficient particle loading into ultra-high vacuum...
Understanding the processes which shut down star formation in galaxies, commonly
known as galaxy quenching, is a central question in astrophysics. In this
project, I investigate how a galaxyโs location and motion within its group
environment influence its star-forming activity, using data from the Deep
Extragalactic VIsible Legacy Survey (DEVILS).
Focusing on satellite galaxies, I explore...
Implementing arbitrary unitary transformations is crucial for applications in quantum computing, signal processing, and machine learning. Unitaries govern quantum state evolution, enabling reversible transformations critical in quantum tasks like cryptography and simulation and playing key roles in classical domains such as dimensionality reduction and signal compression. Integrated optical...
Randomized benchmarking (RB) is the most widely used characterisation technique for assessing gate quality via a single decay parameter, but standard protocols implicitly assume temporally uncorrelated (Markovian) noise. In realistic devices, environmental fluctuations induce correlations in time (non-Markovianity), motivating extensions of RB beyond the Markovian regime. Recently, some...
We extend the findings of Costa et al. (arXiv:2312.07690), which demonstrated that the discrete adiabatic quantum linear system solver exhibits constant factors approximately 1,200 times smaller in practice than previously estimated by worst-case bounds. In the present work, we introduce a comparison between the adiabatic-based quantum walk method and the more recent "shortcut" quantum linear...
Coplanar waveguides (CPWs) are used ubiquitously for microwave signal transmission in superconducting quantum processors, and air bridges are crucial to maintain signal hygiene and enable high-density, space-efficient routing. While their use in quantum processors to maintain ground connections across complex circuit topologies is well established empirically (Janzen et al., 2022, and related...
Superconducting electronics are central to emerging, high-impact quantum technologies. Operating in the microwave regime, these systems require cryogenic environments and electromagnetic shielding to suppress unwanted electromagnetic interactions, blackbody radiation and quasiparticle interactions that can degrade coherence (Krinner et.al, 2019) or introduce experimental interference....
The detection of infrared photons is critical to the successful readout of single photon states of spin qubit platforms such as embedded ions. Superconducting nanowire single photon detectors (SNSPDs), based on the simple principle of the generation of a hotspot in a superconducting nanowire upon photon absorption leading to a resistance spike, provide an excellent platform for fast and...
Layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are among the two-dimensional (2D) materials family. They have been extensively studied due to their intriguing physical properties and potential for many applications, for optical, electronic and optoelectronic devices.
Conventional solid-state band theory with density functional theory (DFT) has achieved a high degree of success in predicting...
Electrically Driven Hole Spin Resonance Detected with Charge Sensor in a Planar Si CMOS Structure
A. Shamim {1}, S. D. Liles {1}, J. Hillier {1}, I.Vorreiter{1}, F. E. Hudson {2}{3}, W. H. Lim {2}{3}, A. S. Dzurak {2}{3}, A. R. Hamilton {1}.
{1} - School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia.
{2} - School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications,...
The transmon qubit, in which a qubit is encoded in the anharmonic spectrum of a superconducting circuit, is a leading hardware platform for building utility-scale quantum computers. Thanh Le, Cole and Stace propose an alternative encoding for transmon qubits and demonstrate that a $4\pi$-periodic inductive element can be used to access states which are forbidden in the traditional encoding....
Hex-SiGe is a promising material for the photonic integration of data communication, as its direct bandgap allows for silicon-based optoelectronic interconnects. However, hex-SiGe is synthesised in core-shell nanowire structures that are not suitable for future scalability and probing of fundamental properties is difficult due to their small size. To overcome these challenges, it is proposed...
Optically active spins in solids are promising for many applications in quantum information science, such as entanglement distribution nodes in quantum networking, single photon sources for linear optical quantum computing, and as a platform for cluster state quantum computing. Their optical connectivity could also be leveraged to implement low-density parity check (LDPC) error correction...
Performing experiments on qubit devices require the implementation of quantum gates, which are prone to errors. It could be stochastic errors introduced by the noisy environment or unitary errors due to miscalibration or drifts in the system, resulting in sub-optimal fidelities. Therefore, we required a formalism to understand the unitary errors as they appear and how the quantum gates are...
Raman lasers make use of inelastic, third-order nonlinear light-matter interaction and inherent phase matching to shift optical frequencies and enhance beam quality by transferring pump energy into the cavityโs fundamental mode. These processes have a linewidth-narrowing effect, expected to reduce laser linewidth by up to eight orders of magnitude, outperforming Brillouin lasers, with reported...
Hyperentanglement, a sophisticated form of quantum entanglement across multiple degrees of freedom (DOFs), holds immense potential for revolutionizing quantum technologies in communication, sensing, and computing. This work presents a computational approach to generate hyperentanglement using waveguides, a method shown to be more efficient than traditional techniques and capable of producing a...
Travelling-wave parametric amplifiers (TWPAs) are critical components for improving the readout fidelity of superconducting qubit systems [1]. While Josephson junction-based TWPAs offer excellent broadband noise performance and are widely adopted in quantum computing architectures, their limited dynamic range, fabrication complexity, and sensitivity to magnetic fields and elevated temperatures...
Turbulence in two-dimensional (2D) fluids often leads to the formation of long-lived, large-scale vortex structures. In 2D quantum fluids, such as BoseโEinstein condensates, these structures manifest as clusters of singly quantised vortices [1,2]. Simula et al. showed via GrossโPitaevskii simulations that vortex clustering can spontaneously emerge from an initially random distribution of...
A nuclear wasteform serves to contain radionuclides and enable safe disposal of nuclear waste over long timeframes. In ceramic wasteforms, radionuclides are locked into specific atomic sites within the crystal structure through strong inorganic bonds, effectively preventing their release. Fluoride-pyrochlores are being explored for the immobilisation of actinides from Generation IV molten salt...
With clinical breast imaging trials soon taking place at the Australian Synchrotron using phase contrast CT, accurately characterising the radiation dose, specifically the Mean Glandular Dose (MGD), is essential for ensuring radiation safety and optimising beam parameters. A GEANT4 simulation study was performed to investigate the effects of beam energies, 32 keV and 35 keV, on anthropomorphic...
Quantum machine learning (QML) has the potential to outperform classical methods for certain structured data problems. For datasets with specific group structures, quantum kernels have been shown to learn more efficiently than classical approaches. These kernels use unitary representations of groups to construct feature maps that are covariant under group actions, enabling the algorithm to...
A Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) is an example of a macroscopic quantum state where many particles occupy the same state, making them useful for fundamental tests of quantum physics and quantum applications such as computing and sensing. Non-equilibrium BECs of exciton-polaritons, quasiparticles in semiconductors arising from the strong coupling between excitons (bound electron-hole pairs) and...
The advent of Radio-Pharmaceutical Therapy (RPT) marks an impactful advancement in radiation oncology, offering the potential to treat tumours with cellular precision while minimising adverse effects. Evaluating the efficacy of this treatment relies on accurate dosimetry, which is traditionally informed by absorbed dose, but absorbed dose alone overlooks the spatial complexity of...
Amorphous Monolayer Carbon (AMC), a disordered form of graphene first synthesised in 2020, displays high flexibility but has low mechanical strength, restricting potential application in areas such as flexible electronics.
Existing descriptions of 2D amorphous materials generally fall between assigning materials to Zachariasen continuous random networks, as frequently ascribed to bulk...
Raman lasers are a promising platform for narrow linewidth single-longitudinal mode lasers, and their Raman shifts provide access to wavelength ranges not easily reached with commercial lasers. Moreover, the Raman process provides intrinsic line narrowing, recently shown to greatly reduce linewidth and suppress high-frequency noise relative to the pump. Diamond, in particular, has the highest...
