Welcome Room: iThemba LABS About the School Lecturer and Student introduction Introduction to IEEE NPSS

Radiation Detectors: past and future

• Patrick Le Dû

Room: iThemba LABS

Introduction to photo, gaseous and scintillation detectors

• Abdallah Lyoussi

Room: iThemba LABS

Introduction to photo, gaseous and scintillation detectors - part 2

• Abdallah Lyoussi

Room: iThemba LABS

Programmable Logics - FPGAs

• MASAHARU NOMACHI

Room: iThemba LABS

FPGA Workshop - Part 1

• MASAHARU NOMACHI

Room: iThemba LABS

FPGA Workshop - Part 2

• MASAHARU NOMACHI

Room: iThemba LABS

Introduction to Readout, Trigger and Control Architecture

• Martin Lothar Purschke (Brookhaven National Laboratory (US))

Room: iThemba LABS This series of 2 lectures introduces some basic concepts in modern physics experiment. The world of frontier physics experiments challenges system design in all its aspects from the definition of the architecture, to data structures and general technology choices, all the way down to the the electronics components. The control and readout are based on very large and complex systems composed of many different technologies which are developed in different environments and cultures. Ultimately, they must meet in a well-integrated system for operational efficiency, and allow maintenance and upgrades over a very long period of time, often without the original designers. This translates into a number of considerations and guidelines which should be taken into account from day one in the development of each of the sub-components. The first part of the lecture gives an introduction to the design of the general architecture of readout, trigger and control systems of the physics experiments, and outlines the definition and functionality of each of the sub-systems. Particular emphasis is put on the functional and environmental criteria which drives the technological choices and the development strategy in view of the long life cycle of the experiments and the many different phases. In the second part, we will have a look at a number of actual implementations, and examine different choices in electronics, data structures, compression technologies, communication protocols, and how these areas have evolved in the last decade.

From Resistor to High Energy Physics Experiments

• Martin Lothar Purschke (Brookhaven National Laboratory (US))

Room: iThemba LABS This series of 2 lectures introduces some basic concepts in modern physics experiment. The world of frontier physics experiments challenges system design in all its aspects from the definition of the architecture, to data structures and general technology choices, all the way down to the the electronics components. The control and readout are based on very large and complex systems composed of many different technologies which are developed in different environments and cultures. Ultimately, they must meet in a well-integrated system for operational efficiency, and allow maintenance and upgrades over a very long period of time, often without the original designers. This translates into a number of considerations and guidelines which should be taken into account from day one in the development of each of the sub-components. The first part of the lecture gives an introduction to the design of the general architecture of readout, trigger and control systems of the physics experiments, and outlines the definition and functionality of each of the sub-systems. Particular emphasis is put on the functional and environmental criteria which drives the technological choices and the development strategy in view of the long life cycle of the experiments and the many different phases. In the second part, we will have a look at a number of actual implementations, and examine different choices in electronics, data structures, compression technologies, communication protocols, and how these areas have evolved in the last decade.

HEP detectors overview and example

• Christian Bohm (Stockholm University (SE))

Room: iThemba LABS In order to detect and properly identify particles in High Energy Physics experiments you need to combine results from a combination sub-detectors. There is usually a large number of particles to handle at the same time and many events to study. I will talk about different types of sub-detectors, how they are combined, different architectures and how this affects the construction of the Data Acquisition Systems. I will start with the basics and then discuss how this is implemented in an actual detector system – the ATLAS detector at CERN.

Silicon Detectors

• Cinzia Da Via (University of Manchester (GB))

Room: iThemba LABS Silicon sensors are extensively used in various applications to image radiation. These applications range from experimental physics at colliders to medicine, biology, environmental monitoring and more. This two-hour lecture will cover several aspect of silicon radiation detectors ranging from fabrication, basic working principle, applications and aspect related to signal formation before and after irradiation. In particular students should expect to learn about: • Strip and Pixel sensors • Hybridization • Basics of Signal formation in silicon • Basics of radiation effects in silicon devices - • Examples of applications in High Energy Physics, medicine, environmental monitoring and more • Novel technologies like micro-fabricated 3D sensors

Instrumentation for Harsh and Severe Environments

• Abdallah Lyoussi

Room: iThemba LABS

Application of the TimePix detector

• Ivan Stekl

Room: iThemba LABS

Introduction to Networks

• Martin Lothar Purschke (Brookhaven National Laboratory (US))

Room: iThemba LABS I will give a brief introduction to the basics of the networking setups we will be using during the exercises of the school. I will explain IP address, netmasks and broadcast addresses, gateways, and explain the concepts of networks to the extent that we will need them during the school.

Unix Shell Basics

• Martin Lothar Purschke (Brookhaven National Laboratory (US))

Room: iThemba LABS At the start of the school I will give a very brief introduction to the Unix shell. Most of the exercises during the school will make use of the shell in one way or another, so it is important to be comfortable with it. I will explain why the shell is so powerful, and give some every-day use examples so it is easier for novices to get around on the system. After discussions with some of you, I have added a small writeup that might explain a few concepts more thoroughly. Download the shell_writeup,pdf file.

An Introduction to the RCDAQ Data Acquisition System

• Martin Lothar Purschke (Brookhaven National Laboratory (US))

Room: iThemba LABS I will give an introduction to the DAQ system which we will use frequently during the school. I will talk about the designs (and some of the design features of a DAQ system in general that I find essential), and teach you about the setup, use, and analysis of the data.

Real-Time Data Visualization and Control using Modern Web Technologies

• Stefan Ritt (Paul Scherrer Institut (CH))

Room: iThemba LABS This tutorial teaches modern web technologies for real time visualization and control of processes and experiments. The course starts from basic HTML elements, and then covers modern HTML5 technologies and their usage to display any graphical data. An embedded web server on a Raspberry Pi computer is written from scratch, which can be controlled from any browser using the above technologies to read sensors and switch outputs. Every attendee is encouraged to bring her/his own laptop to interactively develop and test all examples. A wireless private network will be available. It is recommended to have a quick look at JSFiddle (https://jsfiddle.net) since this tool will be used throughout the course.

Waveform Digitzing and Signal Processing

• Stefan Ritt (Paul Scherrer Institut (CH))

Room: iThemba LABS Data acquisition in nuclear and particle physics requires the precise measurement of signal amplitudes and time from detectors. This lecture first gives an overview of traditional methods using signal shaping, various discriminators and analog-to-digital converters (ADC) and time-to-digital converters (TDC). It then moves over to high speed waveform digitizing, a field which recently made tremendous progress due to faster ADCs and so-called switched-capacitor array integrated circuits. These novel devices allow the direct digitisation of detectors with several gigasamples per second (GSPS) and resolutions up to 12 bits. The lecture introduces various signal processing methods to extract the signal amplitude and time from detector signals in the presence of noise.

Introduction to TimePix

• Michael Holik (CTU Prague / UWB Pilsen)

Room: iThemba LABS

High speed signals, impedances, reflections and grounding

• Christian Bohm (Stockholm University (SE))

Room: iThemba LABS

Signal Levels and Bus Standards

• Zhen-An Liu (IHEP,Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN))

Room: iThemba LABS

Raspberry Pi

• Martin Lothar Purschke (Brookhaven National Laboratory (US))

Room: iThemba LABS Based on questions from the students, I will explain a number of sensors that can easily be used with the Raspberry Pi. I will show how to control GPIO pins, connect an infrared sensor, and to connect a DS180B20 temperature sensor.

Application of fundamental physics in medicine 1: imaging

• Martin Lothar Purschke (Brookhaven National Laboratory (US))

Room: iThemba LABS

Introduction to EasyPET exercise

• Martin Grossmann (Paul Scherrer Institut)

Room: iThemba LABS

Application of Fundamental Physics in Medicine

• Martin Lothar Purschke (Brookhaven National Laboratory (US))
• Patrick Le Dû
• Martin Grossmann (Paul Scherrer Institut)

Room: iThemba LABS Imaging, Radiotherapy, ... Details tbd between Patrick, MartinP, MartinG

Tour of iThemba Labs Room: iThemba LABS

Writing Papers and Preparing Presentations - some Hints Room: iThemba LABS

Prepare Presentations Room: iThemba LABS

Student Presentations - preparation Room: iThemba LABS

1-Identifying and Shielding of Ionizing Radiation Using Hybrid Pixel Detector

• Matome Maloma
• Phuti Rapheeha
• Alfred Tebogo
• Toka Mojaje
• Bongani Nkuna
• Juliet Sackey

Room: iThemba LABS

2-High Voltage Conytrol based on Paspberry Pi

• Tlholiso Tukisi (Vaal University of Technology)
• Mpho Lencwe (Tshwane University of Technology)
• Gaopalelwe Motaung (University of South Africa)
• Shanya Hart (University of Witwatersrand)
• Amoluloe Familua (University of Johannesburg)

Room: iThemba LABS

3 - EasyPET

• Oratile Khutsoane
• Keita Mizokoshi (Osaka University)
• Nkateko Baloyi (Wits University)
• Nkanyiso Mantengu (De Beers)

Room: iThemba LABS

4 - Seeing the invisible

• Lehumo Mashishi
• Humphry Tlou
• Obakeng Maphane
• Karl A. van Niekerk
• Mabena Chemist
• Elisha Indarjit
• Fortune Mhlanga

Room: iThemba LABS

5 - Tracking radiation using TimePix

• Pulane Mokoena (University ofSouth Africa)
• Dawid Boesak (University of Cape Town)
• Thabo Masuku (Wits University)
• Best Khoza (University of Cape Town)

Room: iThemba LABS

6 - EasyPET

• Mzwandile Thabede
• Sithole Thokozane
• Edward Nkadimeng
• Onesimo Mtintsilana
• Gaogalalwe Mokgatitswane
• Amish Patel
• Masedi Masekane

Room: iThemba LABS

7 - Radiation Determination using TimePix

• Alfred Kgogo (North Western University)
• Juliet Sackey (University of South Africa)
• Toka Mojaje (University of Cape Town)
• Matome Maloba (University of South Africa)
• Phuti Rafeeha (Wits University)

Room: iThemba LABS

8 - Fundamentals of PET Research Using EasyPET

• Hope Mogabe (North Western University)
• Theodore Gaelejwe (Wits University)
• Setelekoane Tsehlahali (University of Cape Town)
• Nthabiseng Baloyi (Wits University)
• Avuyile Bulala (University of Cape Town)
• Thabang Magabe (Wits University)

Room: iThemba LABS

Dispensing certificates - Closing Room: iThemba LABS