WEBVTT 1 00:00:00.130 --> 00:00:06.871 Hannah Wakeling - STFC UKRI: From. Well, I see your name is Luigi Miranda on on zoom here. 2 00:00:08.170 --> 00:00:11.210 Hannah Wakeling - STFC UKRI: yeah, he's gonna I guess I'll let you introduce your talk. 3 00:00:11.600 --> 00:00:12.350 Hannah Wakeling - STFC UKRI: Please go ahead. 4 00:00:12.350 --> 00:00:27.930 Luigui Miranda: Okay. Hello. My name is Vigi Miranda. I'm from Ucaramanco, Colombia. I am a master's student, and in this opportunity I present the project monitoring soil motion composition using cosmic neutrons. 5 00:00:28.380 --> 00:00:29.700 Luigui Miranda: A, 6 00:00:30.090 --> 00:00:43.399 Luigui Miranda: okay. We are in the middle of the machine, and we will set up to do this situation. Agriculture to my use for limit records as water and Arab land. 7 00:00:43.510 --> 00:00:51.249 Luigui Miranda: We need to optimistic irrigation and fertilization by monitoring soil, motion and chimester composition. 8 00:00:51.350 --> 00:01:06.169 Luigui Miranda: The Cosmirai neutron sensor is proposed for these proofs, because this device, using cosmirai neutrons that rich use constantly this device are not immassing. And this device 9 00:01:06.320 --> 00:01:09.570 Luigui Miranda: and cover areas into the ordin of hectares. 10 00:01:10.660 --> 00:01:33.320 Luigui Miranda: Okay. The cosmic ray neutrons are produced when the primary cosmic ray interact with atmosphere, and these neutrons in general, the neutron have 2 properties of interest. Fierce neutrons are modified by water, that's to say, the neutrons respond of a detector will be 11 00:01:33.560 --> 00:01:55.750 Luigui Miranda: inversely right to the concentration of water present in the soil, and, second, when they are a low energy in the order of millelectron volts, they can be captured by atom nucleus, and in this process the nucleus emits a specific gamma photon, giving us a unique spectrum for each element. 12 00:01:55.980 --> 00:02:09.370 Luigui Miranda: and with about, we have, with one particular to determine the soil, motion, and the chemical composition for this cosmic rhino transcension can be applied in the agriculture. 13 00:02:09.860 --> 00:02:34.920 Luigui Miranda: And what are we doing? The simulation, the interaction of neutron over different cities to determine how geographic variables, which, for example, altitude or magnetic file, affect the neutron flux, because the American continent, and specifically the Latin America has very rugged geography. 14 00:02:35.240 --> 00:02:42.429 Luigui Miranda: Also, we simulate the interaction of neutron with soil of differential composition and moisture. 15 00:02:42.550 --> 00:02:54.209 Luigui Miranda: because we want to parameterize the data obtained with a simulation to generate calibration applicable to any cosmic right neutron sensor. 16 00:02:54.640 --> 00:02:58.150 Luigui Miranda: Okay, let's talk about the simulation. 17 00:02:58.370 --> 00:03:13.189 Luigui Miranda: We integrate Corsica and Jamfor Corsica is for the 1st part of the atmosphere. The simulation starts at the top of the atmosphere and end at 2 kilometers above the observation level. 18 00:03:13.310 --> 00:03:25.000 Luigui Miranda: and we use 4 for the last part for simulate. The last part of that nostril and the interaction the particle with the soil in the 19 00:03:25.320 --> 00:03:32.719 Luigui Miranda: observation level, we save the incoming and the outgoing neutrons from the soil. 20 00:03:32.990 --> 00:03:42.930 Luigui Miranda: For the moment we have some simulation in different cities and in with different motion. 21 00:03:43.770 --> 00:04:11.329 Luigui Miranda: we have preliminary results, and first, st the neutron fluid we obtained has a similar behavior to the emissions. For example, we have 3 excess of neutrons in the expert energy rights. Also, this data will be compared with the measurements of the challenge, energy commissions. 22 00:04:13.270 --> 00:04:33.879 Luigui Miranda: Second, in addition, simulation show that the geographic barrier that must affect the neutron fluid reaching the ground is at, because, for example, when you, when in our simulation, when increase the altitude, increase to the neutron cones. 23 00:04:35.410 --> 00:04:45.900 Luigui Miranda: Finally, we have a framework that allows to collaboration to calibrate the coronary neutron system, taking into account 24 00:04:46.290 --> 00:04:51.450 Luigui Miranda: its geographic position from agricultural application. 25 00:04:51.850 --> 00:04:53.579 Luigui Miranda: and thank you for your attention. 26 00:04:57.630 --> 00:05:02.720 Hannah Wakeling - STFC UKRI: Brilliant. Thank you so much. That's a really interesting project. Are there any questions from the audience 27 00:05:04.500 --> 00:05:06.089 Hannah Wakeling - STFC UKRI: or comments or discussion? 28 00:05:11.030 --> 00:05:18.559 Hannah Wakeling - STFC UKRI: Okay, well, I guess I can go first.st So yeah, this is a really interesting project. And it seems like you've spent quite a bit of time on it. What 29 00:05:18.710 --> 00:05:25.000 Hannah Wakeling - STFC UKRI: really, really going forward long term. What do you hope to come from this. 30 00:05:27.060 --> 00:05:37.219 Luigui Miranda: Thank you, thank you, can. My, I don't understand, because my Internet is so not so good. Can you write the the question, please? And I. 31 00:05:38.270 --> 00:05:44.949 Hannah Wakeling - STFC UKRI: So what? I'll try and speak very clearly for you. What are your long-term plans. 32 00:05:47.026 --> 00:05:48.610 Luigui Miranda: Okay, for the future. 33 00:05:48.770 --> 00:05:50.200 Luigui Miranda: A. 34 00:05:50.470 --> 00:05:51.899 Luigui Miranda: In the moment 35 00:05:52.010 --> 00:06:01.690 Luigui Miranda: we only have simulation for the these cities. We need more simulation in more cities, but in more altitudes. 36 00:06:01.810 --> 00:06:04.600 Luigui Miranda: and the 37 00:06:05.140 --> 00:06:29.480 Luigui Miranda: but the second part is varying the motion in the soil and varying the chemistry in the soil, because we have a little simulation we are, as observed, is the motion. When the moisture present in the soil increase, the neutron consecrate. 38 00:06:30.250 --> 00:06:48.100 Luigui Miranda: we observe the moderation, the neutron by the water, and the next step is observing how we change the Gamma photon spectrum gamma photon. When we change the chemical composition of the soil 39 00:06:50.620 --> 00:06:57.549 Luigui Miranda: in general, how this is for any cosmic rhino. Trans. We 40 00:06:58.070 --> 00:07:05.030 Luigui Miranda: in general, and we don't need a device 41 00:07:05.130 --> 00:07:13.699 Luigui Miranda: for this moment. The next. The next step is via this device and parameter, say the device 42 00:07:15.230 --> 00:07:17.100 Luigui Miranda: with our simulation. 43 00:07:21.550 --> 00:07:37.780 Hannah Wakeling - STFC UKRI: Brilliant. Yeah, thank you. So, yeah, it's a really nice display of using energy physics to to evaluate the environment and and to look at the moisture content in the soil. Here, for example, yeah, I like this project. 44 00:07:39.000 --> 00:07:46.699 Hannah Wakeling - STFC UKRI: We do have like, potentially one more question, sorry we do have potentially space for one more question, if there is any from the audience. 45 00:07:47.940 --> 00:07:48.530 Luigui Miranda: Yeah. 46 00:07:48.530 --> 00:07:57.370 Hannah Wakeling - STFC UKRI: A question in the chat is from Yakotiswat. So how can your research help agriculture. 47 00:07:58.750 --> 00:08:01.960 Luigui Miranda: A excuse me, excuse me. 48 00:08:04.610 --> 00:08:06.849 Hannah Wakeling - STFC UKRI: Can. Can you see the chat? It's the question is. 49 00:08:06.850 --> 00:08:08.060 Luigui Miranda: Yeah, yeah, yeah, it's 50 00:08:08.310 --> 00:08:22.490 Luigui Miranda: okay. Because this is for the sector of agriculture that use a different technology is a precision agriculture. 51 00:08:23.050 --> 00:08:25.910 Luigui Miranda: And in this area. 52 00:08:25.980 --> 00:08:53.949 Luigui Miranda: that of for for agriculture use whatever technology, for example, a picture of data, a big data, whatever technology. And we think that with cosmic renew, we can have the the problematic that we don't have infinite land and infinite water. 53 00:09:02.010 --> 00:09:05.409 Hannah Wakeling - STFC UKRI: Thank you for that. I hope that answers your question. Yakko. 54 00:09:06.330 --> 00:09:09.298 Hannah Wakeling - STFC UKRI: Yes, he says. Thank you in the chat. 55 00:09:09.840 --> 00:09:20.240 Hannah Wakeling - STFC UKRI: brilliant. So? Yeah, thank you thank you so much for your talk and your time. It's very interesting work, and I invite everyone to give a quick round of applause, and in the virtual round of applause. 56 00:09:20.823 --> 00:09:29.690 Hannah Wakeling - STFC UKRI: We'll be moving on to our next speaker, which is Diego Ruiz, if he is in the if he's connected. 57 00:09:32.450 --> 00:09:36.650 Hannah Wakeling - STFC UKRI: Think I'm saying yes, I am. Can you hear me 58 00:09:36.650 --> 00:09:38.670 Hannah Wakeling - STFC UKRI: see you? I can hear you too brilliant. 59 00:09:39.077 --> 00:09:42.820 Hannah Wakeling - STFC UKRI: Yeah. So if you wouldn't mind sharing. And please go ahead when you're ready. 60 00:09:43.640 --> 00:09:44.750 Diego Herrera Ruiz: Yeah, absolutely. 61 00:09:50.590 --> 00:09:53.070 Diego Herrera Ruiz: Let me know if you can see my screen already. 62 00:10:07.660 --> 00:10:08.980 Hannah Wakeling - STFC UKRI: Yep, that's good, perfect. 63 00:10:09.790 --> 00:10:23.940 Diego Herrera Ruiz: Perfect. All right? Well, thank you. Everyone for joining. I'm Diego. And I'm going to talk about flexibility in research infrastructures for global carbon Neutrality project, also known as Flexicon. 64 00:10:24.460 --> 00:10:24.980 Luigui Miranda: Okay. 65 00:10:25.340 --> 00:10:48.449 Diego Herrera Ruiz: So well. You can see in the bottom of the screen all the partners and members of this project. The main objective that we have is to bring sustainable solutions for research infrastructures. So we have facilities like the European installation source, the extreme light infrastructure, for example, and all of us combined. We're trying to collaborate and find 66 00:10:48.600 --> 00:10:52.389 Diego Herrera Ruiz: oh, not just solutions, but yes. 67 00:10:52.930 --> 00:11:08.860 Diego Herrera Ruiz: practices that will help reduce our environmental impact. It's not just about generating electricity in a sustainable way, but also optimizing our current practices and enhancing the way we use our resources. 68 00:11:09.480 --> 00:11:32.260 Diego Herrera Ruiz: This is how flex recon is organized. And I'm showing this, not for you to see how the structure is, but mostly what are we focusing on? We have a work package that goes for renewable energy production, energy, storage, waste, heat, recovery. But it's not just about doing all of this and implementing on site. It's also about 69 00:11:32.260 --> 00:11:50.210 Diego Herrera Ruiz: doing it in a smarter way. How can we obtain the most benefits out of these technologies. So this is where the part of flexibility comes in. It's very important, not just using the things. But maybe we're going to store energy. We can deploy it in a crucial moment or in a more relevant way, and not just 70 00:11:50.360 --> 00:11:54.719 Diego Herrera Ruiz: consume it when we can. And when we have an excess send it back to the grid. 71 00:11:55.630 --> 00:12:24.299 Diego Herrera Ruiz: So I'm affiliated with Ess. If you don't know what it is, I'll briefly go through this slide. Just a linear accelerator. Protons go to a target. Neutrons come out to our instruments where eventually users will do their experiments. This is not very important. I think it's way more important to see how much we need to run a facility like this. This is the electricity that we will need for 2 megawatt operation, as you can see immediately. The accelerator just 72 00:12:24.350 --> 00:12:32.969 Diego Herrera Ruiz: goes all over the top. It takes a lot of electricity, but not just that. It's also the cryogenics, central utility building even the data center. 73 00:12:33.030 --> 00:12:42.149 Diego Herrera Ruiz: So this is why it's a matter of utmost importance for us to reduce our energy consumption and also generate electricity in a more sustainable way. 74 00:12:43.260 --> 00:12:46.650 Diego Herrera Ruiz: So how are we planning to do this? Well, 1st of all. 75 00:12:46.690 --> 00:12:50.699 Diego Herrera Ruiz: I think it's very important to remember that our goal is to reduce. 76 00:12:50.740 --> 00:13:10.649 Diego Herrera Ruiz: For example, if we said, since the beginning to maintain operations of 2 megawatts and we have an initial energy estimation, we're able to reduce that and consume way less. We shouldn't just say, Oh, well, then, we can extend our operating hours or run certain systems at a higher rate. 77 00:13:10.650 --> 00:13:38.279 Diego Herrera Ruiz: No, we. We're sticking to the 2 megawatt. And if we're able to reduce our consumption, that's fantastic. But we shouldn't aim to get more and just consume when we initially thought we were going to do. And also we have the advantage that our site is quite big, so we can do it on site directly. It's not only gonna make us more autonomous, but it will also reduce stress from the local grid. For example, we don't want to inject electricity if it's not really required. 78 00:13:40.280 --> 00:13:48.379 Diego Herrera Ruiz: And finally, even though we're not in steady state operations yet, we're on a commissioning phase. 79 00:13:48.610 --> 00:13:56.160 Diego Herrera Ruiz: Here's an example of a positive impact that Ess has had with early efforts for waste heat recovery. 80 00:13:56.370 --> 00:14:00.060 Diego Herrera Ruiz: This is how our system looks like, and 81 00:14:01.300 --> 00:14:13.160 Diego Herrera Ruiz: during our commissioning phases our facility is already generating a lot of excess heat. So we're recovering this, and we're using it for internal consumption, of course. 82 00:14:13.797 --> 00:14:18.169 Diego Herrera Ruiz: All of our office buildings tunnels. Any kind of 83 00:14:18.838 --> 00:14:33.582 Diego Herrera Ruiz: use we can have inside the facility where we take our heat from the one we generate. But then, our excess heat, which is approximately I think it's 100 gigawatt hour per year. Give or take. 84 00:14:34.120 --> 00:14:53.280 Diego Herrera Ruiz: well, it's it's enough to cover between 12 and 15% of loans. Heat demand, which is the city where Ess is located. So even though we're not fully operational now. This is one of the things we've been focusing since the beginning, and the impact that we can have is 85 00:14:53.430 --> 00:15:01.590 Diego Herrera Ruiz: not just already relevant. But I think it shows the potential that this facility can have, for when it's ready to accept users. 86 00:15:02.240 --> 00:15:11.090 Diego Herrera Ruiz: So yes, that's it from my side. It's a very short talk, but I think was informative. Please let me know if you have any questions. 87 00:15:14.560 --> 00:15:21.540 Hannah Wakeling - STFC UKRI: Brilliant. Thank you. Are there any questions from the audience? I see? Duane has raised his hand. Please go ahead. 88 00:15:23.170 --> 00:15:25.670 Dwayne Spiteri: Hi! There! Very nice talk. 89 00:15:26.420 --> 00:15:51.279 Dwayne Spiteri: I have a quick question on terms of your impact. Do you have any records that you're trying to keep or ways you're trying to establish your embedded carbon in the in the site you already have and in the equipment you're using to maintain and operate your ess in the future. 90 00:15:54.390 --> 00:15:59.930 Diego Herrera Ruiz: Yes, that's oh, it's a complicated question. It's very interesting, because 91 00:16:00.190 --> 00:16:14.869 Diego Herrera Ruiz: I I'm I'm going to answer it in 2 parts, and I'll start. I'll cheat a little bit because I'll start with the upgrade, which I think is gonna be the easiest part right now we're aiming for 2 megawatt and eventually move all the way to 5. 92 00:16:15.210 --> 00:16:18.029 Diego Herrera Ruiz: So, yes, we are 93 00:16:18.370 --> 00:16:27.539 Diego Herrera Ruiz: doing calculations to see what would be the impact of this update of this increase in performance. How? 94 00:16:29.050 --> 00:16:35.749 Diego Herrera Ruiz: the equipment that we would need to replace, or that will be reaching its end of life will 95 00:16:35.880 --> 00:16:40.139 Diego Herrera Ruiz: accumulate to to the emissions of the facility. 96 00:16:40.795 --> 00:16:44.900 Diego Herrera Ruiz: And then, for the 1st part of your question on what has been 97 00:16:45.090 --> 00:16:55.340 Diego Herrera Ruiz: the impact so far, that's a little bit more tricky Ess has been under construction for might be wrong. But I think it's 20 years or so started around 98 00:16:55.490 --> 00:17:06.740 Diego Herrera Ruiz: 90 92 95 somewhere around that time. Not exactly sure. So it's been a little bit hard to back. Trace all the 99 00:17:07.880 --> 00:17:18.839 Diego Herrera Ruiz: the the materials that have been used and all the equipment. But we do have a record for the most recent years, and we are starting to like gather them and have a 100 00:17:19.359 --> 00:17:21.030 Diego Herrera Ruiz: more organized. 101 00:17:21.599 --> 00:17:30.040 Diego Herrera Ruiz: so to speak, database for that. To make these calculations easier, because we do want to to have a very clear 102 00:17:30.801 --> 00:17:39.099 Diego Herrera Ruiz: view of the emissions that the facility has had so far, and that we'll have in in the future with with upcoming upgrades, for sure. 103 00:17:43.340 --> 00:18:02.100 Dwayne Spiteri: Yeah, that's good to know, especially especially if you could potentially estimate your past emissions based on the amount of resource, you know, is used. For example, if you could calculate how much concrete you had in your facility, for example, then you could have an estimate of the embedded carbon as opposed to trying to measure it. 104 00:18:03.370 --> 00:18:17.250 Diego Herrera Ruiz: Yeah, precisely. And then, for I I know this, that we have 2 main sources of of concrete. One is here in Sweden, the other ones in Romania. So you know, we would have to take that into account like how much of it came from 105 00:18:17.736 --> 00:18:30.700 Diego Herrera Ruiz: another country and then include, you know, transportation and shipping and all of that. But yes, we, we definitely want to have figures for that, so that we can also compare and do further analysis, for when an upgrade comes. 106 00:18:37.300 --> 00:18:40.269 Hannah Wakeling - STFC UKRI: Thank you. Maybe a quick question from Ian. 107 00:18:40.780 --> 00:18:41.430 Diego Herrera Ruiz: Yes. 108 00:18:42.480 --> 00:18:54.639 Yann Coadou: Yes, thank you. It's a quick one every time I see waste heat. I think it's a great idea, but it's also very seasonal. So 109 00:18:54.920 --> 00:18:56.170 Yann Coadou: how? 110 00:18:56.420 --> 00:19:02.579 Yann Coadou: What? What do you do with your waste heat during summertime? It's just wasted this time, or. 111 00:19:04.340 --> 00:19:08.908 Diego Herrera Ruiz: That is an excellent question that we're also struggling a little bit with. 112 00:19:10.500 --> 00:19:26.439 Diego Herrera Ruiz: we're we're in Sweden. So most of the year. We have good use for it. But we right now, I think we've been fine, but we are encountering problems with the local network here crafting, and they're the ones who 113 00:19:27.210 --> 00:19:30.240 Diego Herrera Ruiz: who provide heating for loon district. 114 00:19:30.947 --> 00:19:38.750 Diego Herrera Ruiz: They might not be capable of receiving all the heat we generate during the summer. So 115 00:19:39.258 --> 00:19:45.500 Diego Herrera Ruiz: we're trying to find a a solution for that as well. We're analyzing if we can use it 116 00:19:45.640 --> 00:19:57.529 Diego Herrera Ruiz: to preheat. Maybe some biomaterial, for there's some biogas plants in Lund as well. Maybe we can help them some way. 117 00:19:58.013 --> 00:20:09.139 Diego Herrera Ruiz: But I mean, that is a problem we have for sure. And or we will encounter, and we're exploring possibilities to to fix it. But I don't have a 118 00:20:09.790 --> 00:20:12.589 Diego Herrera Ruiz: an answer or a solution right now, for for that. 119 00:20:14.710 --> 00:20:15.180 Yann Coadou: Thanks. 120 00:20:16.760 --> 00:20:26.769 Hannah Wakeling - STFC UKRI: All right. Brilliant thanks so much. Thank you for your very succinct talk, but I hope we can have more discussions over the next days. 121 00:20:26.920 --> 00:20:28.390 Hannah Wakeling - STFC UKRI: Thanks for having me. 122 00:20:28.650 --> 00:20:36.530 Hannah Wakeling - STFC UKRI: Yeah, thank you for joining I would like to invite the next speaker who is daveryn please. 123 00:20:37.505 --> 00:20:42.650 Hannah Wakeling - STFC UKRI: Sorry. And also yes, a virtual round of applause, please, for our speaker. 124 00:20:42.650 --> 00:20:46.199 Davorin Peceli: Can you hear me? It's really doubling. It's actually can you hear me. 125 00:20:46.630 --> 00:20:48.232 Hannah Wakeling - STFC UKRI: Yes, we can hear you now. 126 00:20:48.500 --> 00:20:49.010 Davorin Peceli: Okay. Good. 127 00:20:49.010 --> 00:20:49.330 Hannah Wakeling - STFC UKRI: But. 128 00:20:49.330 --> 00:20:54.059 Davorin Peceli: But it's a Patricia should give 1st part of the presentation, and we just have a small part. 129 00:20:54.720 --> 00:20:56.169 Hannah Wakeling - STFC UKRI: Oh, I see it's here! 130 00:20:57.020 --> 00:21:05.820 Patricia Buganova - ELI ERIC: Yes, sure. Hello, everyone. So can I share my presentation, or or would you be sharing this. 131 00:21:06.550 --> 00:21:07.690 Hannah Wakeling - STFC UKRI: No, you please go ahead. 132 00:21:08.110 --> 00:21:08.880 Patricia Buganova - ELI ERIC: Okay. 133 00:21:30.900 --> 00:21:32.430 Patricia Buganova - ELI ERIC: can you see my screen. 134 00:21:33.330 --> 00:21:42.370 Hannah Wakeling - STFC UKRI: Yep, we see everything perfect. There is a notification that blocks a little bit of your screen. So yeah, maybe hide that. And yeah, once you're ready, please go. 135 00:21:43.690 --> 00:22:09.870 Patricia Buganova - ELI ERIC: So greetings everyone. My name is Patricia Buganova, and I'm part of the team at Eli Eric. We are in user facility, focused on generating high power laser beams today, together with my colleague, Davarian patseli, we would like to briefly share how we are integrating sustainability into our operation, and what specific steps we are taking to reduce our environmental impact. 136 00:22:10.900 --> 00:22:25.849 Patricia Buganova - ELI ERIC: Operating high power lasers requires massive amounts of energy approximately 15 gigawatt hours per year with around 10 gigawatt hours that is used just for maintaining indoor climate stability. 137 00:22:25.970 --> 00:22:45.739 Patricia Buganova - ELI ERIC: Even the slightest deviation, more than 0 point 5 degrees of Celsius, or 5% of relative humidity can affect laser performance. So this creates a unique challenge for us. We must ensure extreme precision while minimizing our energy use and our carbon footprint. 138 00:22:45.840 --> 00:22:58.410 Patricia Buganova - ELI ERIC: Currently, our technology systems emit over 4,000 tons of Co 2 emissions annually, which is why sustainability has become a core part of our mission. 139 00:22:59.120 --> 00:23:21.629 Patricia Buganova - ELI ERIC: We are addressing this challenge on multiple fronts. At 1st we are investing in on-site energy generation, including cogeneration and photovoltaics. We are proud to be a partner in the European horizon project, Flexican, which was presented during the previous talk. 140 00:23:21.630 --> 00:23:33.549 Patricia Buganova - ELI ERIC: In this project we are tackling key topics, such as battery arrays, integration building management, system, area and indoor climatic conditions, management 141 00:23:33.550 --> 00:23:45.749 Patricia Buganova - ELI ERIC: in highly sensitive research environments. The goal is to deliver transferable solutions for energy and climate management that other research infrastructures can adopt. 142 00:23:46.840 --> 00:23:57.859 Patricia Buganova - ELI ERIC: And we are also developing a comprehensive Esg implementation roadmap to address all pillars of sustainability, not just the environmental one. 143 00:23:58.470 --> 00:24:11.760 Patricia Buganova - ELI ERIC: Let me just briefly highlight 2 key technologies that we have implemented on our site. The 1st one is a photovoltaic system, with over 300 kilowatt peak of installed capacity 144 00:24:11.910 --> 00:24:22.339 Patricia Buganova - ELI ERIC: already contributing to co 2 savings and a high efficiency cogeneration unit that now covers part of our heating and electricity needs 145 00:24:22.950 --> 00:24:34.900 Patricia Buganova - ELI ERIC: together these on-site systems already supply 50% of our heating demand, and approximately 17% of our electricity consumption. 146 00:24:35.280 --> 00:24:44.919 Patricia Buganova - ELI ERIC: and with that I will hand over to my colleague Daboreen, who will guide you through the next step in our sustainability journey, using a digital twin framework. 147 00:24:46.810 --> 00:24:48.489 Davorin Peceli: Okay. Hi, can you hear me? 148 00:24:49.050 --> 00:24:49.480 Patricia Buganova - ELI ERIC: Yes. 149 00:24:49.480 --> 00:24:50.299 Davorin Peceli: Can you hear me? 150 00:24:50.350 --> 00:25:01.589 Davorin Peceli: Okay, you can go to next slide. Okay, Hi, my name is Darwin. Basically, I'm research scientist in Nelli beamlines. I work with machine learning and artificial intelligence. And I joined this group 151 00:25:01.630 --> 00:25:12.119 Davorin Peceli: last year with the goal to build digital of our facility that should help us additionally optimize and control energy consumption. And Co 2 production, right? 152 00:25:12.470 --> 00:25:33.150 Davorin Peceli: What is digital twin? Digital twin is the model of our facility. But in in where you can say that it's a live model. It's not just any model. So digital twin is continuously update with real time data from sensors and helps detect anomalies and make different kind of prediction and analyzes using machine learning and artificial intelligence. 153 00:25:33.150 --> 00:25:48.049 Davorin Peceli: Here you can see on this picture you can see digital twin. Our case is 4 parts. 1st is physical. Twin basically contains devices. And here, where the data is collected, it also takes into account whether outside. 154 00:25:48.050 --> 00:26:10.580 Davorin Peceli: then we go to data processing details, anomaly on the level of data, not anomaly in the system. There's some cleaning of data transformation. Then we have a main part of digital twin system. 1, st one is initial configuration. This is basically offline study. And we did this using Omega Alps. In our case. 155 00:26:10.580 --> 00:26:21.430 Davorin Peceli: we already have some results. But in our case it's very difficult. This is initial configuration. We already established. Facility and initial configuration of facility is difficult to change. 156 00:26:21.430 --> 00:26:49.129 Davorin Peceli: Second part is anomaly detection. This uses the real time. Data is based on machine learning supervised and non supervised learning. And the last part here is real time reconfiguration which is based on usually, or in our case on Monte Carlo research or enforcement learning. And it does some. What if analyzes and simulation and based on data gathered and 157 00:26:49.522 --> 00:27:13.089 Davorin Peceli: analyzes it gives some possible real time reconfiguration, suggestion. And then the last part, of course, is a decision maker that can do a user, or maybe another AI and basically tests. If the changes in the system are efficient energy efficient. And is it worth it to use to make some kind of changes in the system. 158 00:27:13.600 --> 00:27:15.830 Davorin Peceli: Yeah, that's all from me. Thank you. 159 00:27:16.290 --> 00:27:17.830 Davorin Peceli: Patricia can continue. 160 00:27:18.680 --> 00:27:33.819 Patricia Buganova - ELI ERIC: Yeah, thank you for your attention. If you have any questions, feel free to contact us, or ask questions directly, and we welcome you to get more detailed information about our approach to sustainability on the listed QR code. Thank you. 161 00:27:36.820 --> 00:27:40.300 Hannah Wakeling - STFC UKRI: Wonderful. Thank you. I see a question from Dwayne again. Please go ahead. 162 00:27:42.773 --> 00:27:46.766 Dwayne Spiteri: Hi, the use of a digital twin to 163 00:27:47.870 --> 00:27:54.450 Dwayne Spiteri: to model your facility is very interesting. What is your digital train written, in like, what programming language. 164 00:27:56.756 --> 00:28:06.460 Davorin Peceli: What programming language I work in Python! I think my colleague Pavel, is written in Java, but I think most of the stuff will be done in Python 165 00:28:07.650 --> 00:28:11.400 Davorin Peceli: cause this is what I'm good at. So python it is. 166 00:28:12.670 --> 00:28:15.219 Davorin Peceli: Was that a question did I understand correctly? 167 00:28:15.220 --> 00:28:17.130 Dwayne Spiteri: Yep, that was the question. That was it. My thanks. 168 00:28:17.130 --> 00:28:17.800 Davorin Peceli: Oh, yeah. 169 00:28:20.499 --> 00:28:35.789 Hannah Wakeling - STFC UKRI: Perhaps if we have another minute. What's if if you are including? So within your digital twin, would you potentially be including for example, environmental assessment results or life cycle assessment results 170 00:28:35.990 --> 00:28:37.470 Hannah Wakeling - STFC UKRI: is that in the scope. 171 00:28:38.817 --> 00:28:50.230 Davorin Peceli: Think so, but I'm not sure. What is it? Yeah, I said it. There we blew the weather and the life cycle. I'm not sure what that is. But possibly yes, maybe Patricia can answer that. 172 00:28:50.580 --> 00:29:12.970 Patricia Buganova - ELI ERIC: Yeah, maybe I can address this like at the beginning, we do not plan to include like lifecycle assessments. But this is, for sure, like one of the idea for for the future work. But for now we are not planning to include this type of calculation because of its complexity. 173 00:29:13.390 --> 00:29:20.660 Hannah Wakeling - STFC UKRI: I can imagine. Yeah, but it it does sound like an interesting idea forward in when you do have the it already set up. 174 00:29:21.820 --> 00:29:22.890 Patricia Buganova - ELI ERIC: Thank you. 175 00:29:23.620 --> 00:29:27.763 Hannah Wakeling - STFC UKRI: Yeah, well, thank you for that. Introduction and the overview. 176 00:29:28.290 --> 00:29:43.680 Hannah Wakeling - STFC UKRI: I think. Yeah, I don't think we have any more time for questions, but, as Patricia said, you're welcome to contact them, I would like to say, Thank you very much for giving a talk and a virtual round of applause. I see a few people. 177 00:29:43.800 --> 00:29:45.590 Hannah Wakeling - STFC UKRI: Okay giving you. 178 00:29:45.590 --> 00:29:45.950 Davorin Peceli: Thank you. 179 00:29:45.950 --> 00:29:46.480 Hannah Wakeling - STFC UKRI: Oh! 180 00:29:47.490 --> 00:29:48.750 Patricia Buganova - ELI ERIC: Thank you as well. 181 00:29:49.070 --> 00:29:50.780 Patricia Buganova - ELI ERIC: Have a nice evening. Goodbye. 182 00:29:51.538 --> 00:29:53.030 Hannah Wakeling - STFC UKRI: You, too. Thank you. Bye-bye. 183 00:29:54.186 --> 00:30:00.750 Hannah Wakeling - STFC UKRI: So then, next we have Dominic Graham, are you there? Yes, I can see you. 184 00:30:01.513 --> 00:30:07.260 Hannah Wakeling - STFC UKRI: If you're ready, please share your screen and when you're ready, please go. 185 00:30:14.930 --> 00:30:32.850 Dominic Graham: Okay. Hi, everyone. I'm Dominic Graham. And along with my supervisors, Chris Parks and Sylvia Borge on behalf of the Lhcb collaboration, we'd like to present a lifecycle assessment methodology, a large Hadron collider detectors, quantifying embodied carbon dioxide equivalents from full simulation. 186 00:30:33.500 --> 00:31:02.450 Dominic Graham: So to begin with, some context on environmental reporting at Cern Cern reports its yearly carbon footprint and direct emissions from and energy usage, so-called scope, one and 2 emissions, and in addition, its latest report detailed company-wide scope, 3 emissions for the 1st time, which are mainly from material procurement. This was a spend based estimate which uses economic value to predict environmental impacts and the results of all 3 scopes are shown in this graph. 187 00:31:02.970 --> 00:31:20.739 Dominic Graham: however, the collaboration of thousands of scientists from over 20 countries makes tracking exact supply chains difficult, leaving bespoke systems like the Lhcp. Spectrometer, without a complete bill of materials to derive these estimates. This leaves an open challenge in calculating these scope 3 emissions for Lhc detectors. 188 00:31:21.070 --> 00:31:41.419 Dominic Graham: Lhcv. Upgrade 2 is a major replacement of the detector system planned for the Lhc's 4th long shutdown period in the 2,030 s. And its framework technical design report contains the 1st ever detector-wide impact assessment projecting 4,400 tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalents per year, excluding the scope. 3. 189 00:31:41.420 --> 00:31:51.950 Dominic Graham: This incentivizes more methodology for scope, 3 emissions to allow a complete emissions, profile and impact comparisons for detector and sub-detector design plans. 190 00:31:52.730 --> 00:32:15.440 Dominic Graham: This is where simulation comes in. Simulation software is essential for the large Hadron Collider in validating and processing results. These rely on extremely precise models of the system, geometry and materials known as a digital twin. Outside of high energy physics, we propose the repurposing of the digital twin to construct an automated estimate of the scope. 3 emissions from simulated material. 191 00:32:15.750 --> 00:32:28.069 Dominic Graham: This provides an efficient, reusable method of assessing the so-called cradle to gate embodied carbon in large Hadron collider detectors, namely, emissions from extraction of raw materials through to the end of material processing. 192 00:32:29.840 --> 00:32:49.029 Dominic Graham: This schematic presents an overview of the data processing workflow where the implementation supports end-to-end automation of both the inventory extraction as well as impact assessments from process data. This provides the 1st detector and sub detector wide scope, 3 impact assessments for Lhcv and beyond 193 00:32:50.490 --> 00:32:59.589 Dominic Graham: a critical challenge in large scale. Lifecycle analysis is the inventory extraction phase where we take a detailed list of system inputs and outputs 194 00:32:59.800 --> 00:33:11.179 Dominic Graham: for our scope. 3 study. We simply want to consider post-processing material quantities, and these can be reconstructed from Gdml data, which is an interoperable geometry format between the simulation software 195 00:33:11.490 --> 00:33:21.950 Dominic Graham: we use analysis software route to pass the Gdml and consider its hierarchical geometry structure to count components and compute their material and volume, producing the desired inventory. 196 00:33:22.040 --> 00:33:42.970 Dominic Graham: Using this method, we derived a 4,600 ton inventory for Lhcv, which is 82% of the predicted total mass. This can be broken down further by sub-detector, as shown in this graph. Here we can identify any missing components using the visualizer tool which for Lhcv seems to be mostly in the holding platforms and support structures. 197 00:33:44.340 --> 00:34:09.839 Dominic Graham: Lifecycle analysis, database software is a widespread tool and reliable comparable impact assessments offering a vast range of environmental data on common industrial materials and resources. We use interprocess communication with public database idmap through the software openlca and take midpoint indicators based on the recipe. 2016 Hierarchist Method a standard in Epds and industrial environmental assessments. 198 00:34:10.120 --> 00:34:27.899 Dominic Graham: After manual translation of materials into the database entries, we export the required desired impacts from the server for this study. This was just the global warming potential. And lastly, a custom Gui aids user operability and allows sub-selection of database choices for sensitivity analysis. 199 00:34:29.270 --> 00:34:46.990 Dominic Graham: Some sample results are shown for the publicly available Lhcb upgrade one files, but the concepts are transferable to any Gdml compatible simulation. This yielded 13,000 tonnes of embedded carbon dioxide equivalents with 5% uncertainty from sensitivity analysis 200 00:34:47.100 --> 00:35:00.770 Dominic Graham: for reference. This is on average, equivalent to the embedded carbon of 170 British residential buildings, and makes up about 3 times the annual scope one and 2 projections for upgrade, 2 and 11% of Cern's annual scope. 3 estimates. 201 00:35:01.110 --> 00:35:13.830 Dominic Graham: The methodology also supports, identification of material hotspots and direct comparison of planned designs and presents an automated and repeatable framework for quantifying detector and sub detector. Wide scope. 3 impacts. 202 00:35:15.060 --> 00:35:23.419 Dominic Graham: Thank you for listening, and we would like to thank the following people for their advice and collaboration in this project, and I'd be very happy to take any questions. 203 00:35:28.110 --> 00:35:34.050 Hannah Wakeling - STFC UKRI: Wonderful. Thank you, Dominic. That was a really interesting overview. Are there any questions from the audience? 204 00:35:39.450 --> 00:35:41.720 Hannah Wakeling - STFC UKRI: I see one from Jan. Please go ahead. 205 00:35:43.780 --> 00:36:01.210 Yann Coadou: Yes, thank you. I was just wondering. Maybe I misunderstood. But you mentioned accounting for 82, or 86%. I forgot of the expected mass. Where is the rest? It's not part of the simulation of. 206 00:36:03.163 --> 00:36:11.660 Dominic Graham: No. So that's the material that will never interact with the the particle beam, such as the support structures and the holding material. That's the the dominant contribution. 207 00:36:11.660 --> 00:36:12.050 Yann Coadou: Not a. 208 00:36:12.050 --> 00:36:14.930 Dominic Graham: Able to recognize is missing from the visualization. 209 00:36:14.930 --> 00:36:15.680 Yann Coadou: I see. 210 00:36:20.870 --> 00:36:23.110 Hannah Wakeling - STFC UKRI: Shuryasi. I think your hand was up next. 211 00:36:24.450 --> 00:36:35.700 Shreyasi Acharya: So, yeah, very basic question before. So when is upgrade supposed to start and like, what is the duration of the runs that it will be taken 212 00:36:35.910 --> 00:36:37.110 Shreyasi Acharya: after the upgrade. 213 00:36:38.810 --> 00:36:48.959 Dominic Graham: Yeah. So I believe it's roughly a 5 year plan. So plan from the early to mid 2030 s. From the the long shutdown, for of Lhc. 214 00:36:54.180 --> 00:36:55.950 Hannah Wakeling - STFC UKRI: Thank you. And Dwayne. 215 00:36:56.622 --> 00:37:00.440 Dwayne Spiteri: There were a couple of questions in the chat that came before me, so. 216 00:37:02.300 --> 00:37:13.800 Hannah Wakeling - STFC UKRI: Oh, apologies! I didn't see those. So we have a question from Rocco. You mentioned that you can identify material hotspots. What material hotspots did you identify for Lhcb. 217 00:37:15.330 --> 00:37:38.200 Dominic Graham: That's a good question. So there's 2 options. When it comes to considering material hotspots, we can either look directly at the impact data. So the Gwp exported from the database. This is sort of the pre-processed data, or we can look at the post-process data like we have here, and we can compare the quantities of material and the contribution to the Co. 2 equivalents. 218 00:37:38.200 --> 00:37:51.239 Dominic Graham: So a main factor that we found here was that inorganic materials made up only 0 point 5% of the mass, and around 30% of the total emissions. And that's due to mainly concrete, which has a very high Gwp 219 00:37:51.240 --> 00:38:00.399 Dominic Graham: from the calcination stage. So that was the main material. Hotspot, which had much less mass than Co. 2 E. Contribution. 220 00:38:03.060 --> 00:38:14.729 Hannah Wakeling - STFC UKRI: Thank you. Then another question in the chat was from Yako. He says, very interesting. What is the Lhcb's plan to actually do with the Coe data? 221 00:38:16.770 --> 00:38:41.759 Dominic Graham: So this will be used in these ongoing framework technical design reports. They're going to be standardized to have these environmental reporting sections. And this will allow much more repeatable automated estimations of the scope. 3 emissions for those detectors and sub detectors. They can be used to compare alternative design plans that are being considered. If we're wanting to make choices to improve the sustainability 222 00:38:41.760 --> 00:38:49.560 Dominic Graham: of the design, this will help automate that process and make it easier to identify which choices will be most worthwhile. 223 00:38:53.690 --> 00:38:55.020 Hannah Wakeling - STFC UKRI: He says, thanks in the chat. 224 00:38:55.755 --> 00:38:57.960 Hannah Wakeling - STFC UKRI: So then it was Dwayne. Next, please. 225 00:38:58.960 --> 00:39:08.406 Dwayne Spiteri: Yeah, so this is actually fantastic and very interesting study. So when you mentioned this is the cost of the upgrade. Obviously, the entire detector 226 00:39:09.280 --> 00:39:34.669 Dwayne Spiteri: might be might be changed. But there are going to be things that are going to stay the same like, maybe some of the support structures. Do you have an idea of how much of the existing detector will be recycled into the next upgrade? And if so, can you then estimate the amount of carbon that the the support structures that you'll have to replace that particles do not interact with will add to this number that you've created. 227 00:39:36.034 --> 00:39:39.495 Chris Parkes: Do you want me to take that one, Dominic. 228 00:39:39.880 --> 00:39:40.649 Dominic Graham: That might be for the best. 229 00:39:40.650 --> 00:40:02.400 Chris Parkes: No, thanks very much. Very good question indeed. Right? What we did at the moment was to use the existing full detector structure and just run it over the the complete system. You're absolutely right. There are components we don't intend to change like, for example, the magnet and the and the yoke of the magnet 230 00:40:02.790 --> 00:40:21.210 Chris Parkes: parts of the muon system. And indeed, that's the kind of thing we would like to study in the future really component by component looking at which parts we're expecting to change which we aren't. And indeed, we have alternative plans for some 231 00:40:21.320 --> 00:40:28.599 Chris Parkes: components of the system, whereas Dominic said, we'd like to look at alternative models for the different systems. 232 00:40:33.290 --> 00:40:38.070 Hannah Wakeling - STFC UKRI: Thank you for that, and I think we can squeeze in one final question. Diego, please go ahead. 233 00:40:38.950 --> 00:40:39.550 Diego Herrera Ruiz: Oops. 234 00:40:39.820 --> 00:40:47.669 Diego Herrera Ruiz: Thanks. Just want to ask. Since in the previous talk people from Eli also mentioned implementing a digital twin. 235 00:40:48.274 --> 00:40:55.389 Diego Herrera Ruiz: How easy do you think it would be to implement your solution for a system like theirs? Or, if it would be possible, at all. 236 00:40:57.450 --> 00:41:21.670 Dominic Graham: So I suppose it would depend on the nature of the digital twin. So in this example for Gdml, it's a hierarchical geometry structure which you can. You can see an example of here, and this is a so-called composite, solid, or a Boolean solid. So these are able to be reconstructed in roots. I believe it uses a Monte Carlo simulation for the more complicated geometries. 237 00:41:21.670 --> 00:41:33.389 Dominic Graham: but it would. It would just sort of come down to finding a way of converting that into a different geometry format or a different digital twin. But I believe the main concepts are definitely transferable. Yes. 238 00:41:34.080 --> 00:41:35.960 Diego Herrera Ruiz: Okay, perfect. Thank you. 239 00:41:38.760 --> 00:41:44.389 Hannah Wakeling - STFC UKRI: Wonderful. Thank you. Yeah. I personally find this very interesting, and I look forward to seeing what? What more comes from it? 240 00:41:45.012 --> 00:41:59.610 Hannah Wakeling - STFC UKRI: So. Yes, I'd like to say a thank you to Dominic again a virtual round of applause. And I'd like to welcome our final speaker of today. That will be Peter Millington. 241 00:42:00.295 --> 00:42:03.350 Hannah Wakeling - STFC UKRI: Please share your screen and go ahead when you're ready. 242 00:42:04.400 --> 00:42:06.970 Peter Millington: Thanks, Anna, hopefully. Everybody can hear me. Okay. 243 00:42:08.730 --> 00:42:30.759 Peter Millington: cool, great. Well, firstly, thanks to all of the the organizers for organizing this this wonderful meeting and giving me the opportunity to to put this advert and and recruitment drive in at the end of this this session. So I'm here from the sustainable high energy cosmology and astroparticle physics plus initiative. So the heat cut plus initiative 244 00:42:31.407 --> 00:42:42.670 Peter Millington: and this was essentially set up at the end of during the 1st sustainable Hep workshop that took place in, if I remember correctly, June 2021, 245 00:42:42.990 --> 00:43:08.840 Peter Millington: and the idea, the initial idea of that initiative was just try and put down on paper some reflection of the current status of environmental sustainability in these fields of research and the plus here really refers to any areas of big science that rely on similar infrastructure, to say high energy physics or cosmology and astroparticle physics. So things like Hadron and nuclear physics are good examples. 246 00:43:09.790 --> 00:43:21.330 Peter Millington: and the work that we've been doing so far, so that that reflection document was completed over a course of about 3 years, and is now published in Ginst. And by all means please have a look at that that document. 247 00:43:21.560 --> 00:43:48.530 Peter Millington: And since then we've been working on trying to build various initiatives to drive forward sustainability across these fields and this has involved working with particular stakeholders. So members of the initiative have worked directly with the Ldg. With Funders national funders, the archive and other community consortia and initiatives to support and drive forward environmental sustainability and to try and enable 248 00:43:49.134 --> 00:44:12.885 Peter Millington: environmental sustainability across these fields. One thing to look out for coming forwards is a large interdisciplinary and international workshop on green, computing that hopefully will be announced soon. And again, members of the initiative involved in in driving that that forward. And so this talk, which hopefully be very, very short. It's just this one slide is really a call for people to get involved if you're interested. 249 00:44:13.780 --> 00:44:31.249 Peter Millington: and we're really looking for essentially anyone with great ideas and enthusiasm and and motivation and willingness to give time which, unfortunately, at this stage, is voluntary to to pushing forward the sustainability agenda within our fields of big science. 250 00:44:31.280 --> 00:44:52.410 Peter Millington: So we're looking for anybody interested in in developing our new new website. And this could be any aspect right? So if you're, you know, you have a good head for resources on environmental sustainability that might be relevant to members of our field. Then, you know, please come forward and help us build that catalog of of helpful resources and put that together in in the website. 251 00:44:52.610 --> 00:45:12.509 Peter Millington: And if you're not interested, but you know someone else who is then please put them in touch with us, and we're also interested in getting in touch with anybody who wants to contribute to analyses and environmental impacts for particular aspects of either the research infrastructure that we work with or just our research practices more generally. So this could feature aspects of, say, travel, for instance. 252 00:45:12.850 --> 00:45:30.199 Peter Millington: and we're also looking as an initiative to engage with other sustainability initiatives, and we've been very lucky to receive some generous support from the United Kingdom Science and Technology Facilities Council, and that's given us a little bit of infrastructure resources in terms of managing initiatives and 253 00:45:30.200 --> 00:45:44.739 Peter Millington: and and sort of document sharing and building websites and and Github teams to help build these initiatives, and it'll work packages. So if there's something that you want to do, if there's something that you want support for. 254 00:45:44.740 --> 00:46:06.460 Peter Millington: then please do get in touch with us because we might be able to to help you push that forward. That's basically everything I wanted to say. But please do get in touch with us. The the general mail mailbox email address is there info at Eco. But also, if you don't like generic emails, then by all means feel free to contact me. And my E cap email, is there petecap dot eco? 255 00:46:06.540 --> 00:46:12.380 Peter Millington: So please do get involved. Please do get in touch. And we? We really look forward to hearing from you. Thanks very much. 256 00:46:16.220 --> 00:46:20.520 Hannah Wakeling - STFC UKRI: Thanks very much, Pete. Are there any questions from the audience? 257 00:46:26.130 --> 00:46:33.269 Hannah Wakeling - STFC UKRI: I don't see any immediate hands up? I will say quickly, Pete, are you sure you're hecap eco 258 00:46:33.400 --> 00:46:37.630 Hannah Wakeling - STFC UKRI: email is correct? I thought it was Millington at Dot Eco. 259 00:46:37.630 --> 00:46:39.600 Peter Millington: I have lots of aliases. So I thought. 260 00:46:39.600 --> 00:46:40.210 Hannah Wakeling - STFC UKRI: Okay. Good. 261 00:46:40.210 --> 00:46:41.951 Peter Millington: The most friendly one in. 262 00:46:42.300 --> 00:46:44.842 Hannah Wakeling - STFC UKRI: Perfect as long as that's fine. 263 00:46:45.960 --> 00:46:59.399 Hannah Wakeling - STFC UKRI: yeah, okay, well, thank you so much for sharing that. And I hope so. At least someone in the audience finds that interesting. And even if you just want to find out a little bit more, I think Peter will be willing to hear from you. 264 00:47:01.440 --> 00:47:12.909 Hannah Wakeling - STFC UKRI: okay. Well, with that, I think that comes to the end of our day. So I'd like to say a big, big thank you to all of our previous speakers, those online and those who have already left. 265 00:47:13.446 --> 00:47:21.749 Hannah Wakeling - STFC UKRI: I think they've made a the 1st day a a resounding success, and it has been very, very interesting from my point of view. On its own 266 00:47:22.437 --> 00:47:43.020 Hannah Wakeling - STFC UKRI: I'd like to say that tomorrow we have a great lineup. If that's the right word. We have a panel talking about the future, of high energy, physics and facilities, with contributors from Daisy, from triumph, and from Stfc. 267 00:47:43.150 --> 00:47:56.900 Hannah Wakeling - STFC UKRI: And we also have a kickoff talk from Professor Kenneth Bloom, which promises to be very interesting. So I really do hope you join us tomorrow, and I wish you a good afternoon, good evening or good night.