WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:02.000 All right. Well, I think we can desert. With the next section which will contain two flash talks. The first one should be from Sam Erickson. I also see him connected. I don't know if you'd like to share some slides or… 00:00:02.000 --> 00:00:15.000 Very nice picture. 00:00:15.000 --> 00:00:20.000 I remain a cow. There we go. I'm not always a cow. 00:00:20.000 --> 00:00:24.000 Okay, the cow is gone. 00:00:24.000 --> 00:00:30.000 All right. Yeah. Thank you. Just go ahead. 00:00:30.000 --> 00:00:49.000 Okay, good stuff. Right. So yeah, I'm going to talk about what uh we've done with the LZ collaboration in terms of sustainability. Before I do that, I'll do the obligatory introduction slides to what LZ is. We're a direct dark matter experiment. 00:00:49.000 --> 00:00:57.000 Based in South Dakota in an old gold mine. We've been running for four years now. 00:00:57.000 --> 00:01:02.000 And we'll probably keep taking data for at least another four years. 00:01:02.000 --> 00:01:14.000 There's about 250 of us primarily in Europe and in europe and US, but we've also got people in Asia now, so we're quite spread around the world. 00:01:14.000 --> 00:01:30.000 So what's sustainability in LZ? Well, we actually started up a working group late last year with the goals of quantifying what the environmental impact of running our experiment was and explore ways to reduce this. 00:01:30.000 --> 00:01:37.000 And I'll come to later. Let's do beyond LZ how this helps. 00:01:37.000 --> 00:01:53.000 But within LZ, we essentially broke this down into three sections we've got the operations, so the actual detector running. Then we've got the computing, so analyzing our data. And then we've got the in-person meetings. 00:01:53.000 --> 00:02:03.000 So this isn't exhaustive but we have taken these to be the big three. 00:02:03.000 --> 00:02:22.000 So since we started up started looking at all of these with the first one we tried to tackle being operations so The hard thing with this was when we built the experiment. We didn't really think about energy usage all that much. We just gave an initial number for 00:02:22.000 --> 00:02:28.000 This will be the peak load. We don't care about all the steady state we use is. 00:02:28.000 --> 00:02:36.000 So actually getting this number has been incredibly difficult. And it's a bit of a fudge. 00:02:36.000 --> 00:02:50.000 So in what we're considering here, we only look at our steady state contributions So the stuff which is on all the time, we don't consider high energy calibration sources and whatnot. 00:02:50.000 --> 00:03:01.000 But essentially, this gives us numbers in the range of 44 to 66 kilowatts. And this is just on 24-7, 365 days. 00:03:01.000 --> 00:03:07.000 And where possible, we validate this with whatever monitoring we have. 00:03:07.000 --> 00:03:21.000 Then in our computing, we actually use two computing centers. We use NERSC in the US, which is our primary one, and then we have a secondary one, which is based on the Great. 00:03:21.000 --> 00:03:37.000 And we've monitored how much we're using here based on essentially monitoring jobs. So all the ones in the US use Slurm's the batch system, and we're able to monitor the amount of energy used by each job I know how much storage we're using. 00:03:37.000 --> 00:03:54.000 And so we've been able to work out what the energy usage is running there. Similar story in the UK, apart from it's done on a site basis and then we just take what fraction of jobs and storage we have there. 00:03:54.000 --> 00:03:59.000 And this gives us some numbers which I'll come to later. 00:03:59.000 --> 00:04:08.000 And then for meetings, we typically host two meetings for the whole collaboration a year, which we alternate between the US and the UK. 00:04:08.000 --> 00:04:26.000 And essentially, since we started this working group we've started properly recording you know who's gone and how they got there And so for our two most recent ones, we had one in UCLA where all of the 50 people who weren't reported. 00:04:26.000 --> 00:04:30.000 And we were able to track their flights and work out how they got there. 00:04:30.000 --> 00:04:35.000 And for the one before, which was at Brown University, also in the US. 00:04:35.000 --> 00:04:47.000 Where we didn't have full reporting, so we had to make some estimates but it's about equivalent. So, you know, nearly 90 tons of CO2 for these meetups. 00:04:47.000 --> 00:04:50.000 So we put all of that into a summary. That's what we've got here. 00:04:50.000 --> 00:05:08.000 And we've translated these into our tons of co2 equivalents so we're equivalents around 500 tons a year is what we're putting out based on different scenarios, which I'll let people read in to on their own time. 00:05:08.000 --> 00:05:27.000 But the point of having this number is we can now start to think about how to mitigate certain bits. So I'm only going to briefly show one, which is this which is experimenting with different types of meetings. So for the ucla one 00:05:27.000 --> 00:05:45.000 What we did as a trial was we looked at when some other meetings that people in our collaboration want to go to And we've got our collaboration meeting around that. So we put it after a dark matter conference and before one of the giant us ones and we calculated that saved about 12 tons 00:05:45.000 --> 00:06:01.000 Another thing we're looking at is this hubs model where you go to somewhere local And so just to summarize this we're about two tons of CO2 per year per author. 00:06:01.000 --> 00:06:07.000 With operating the sector being largest and the second largest on flights. 00:06:07.000 --> 00:06:22.000 All of this will be used and taken into account for the next experiment, which we're planning now, which is XLZD, because that if it's in the UK we've got the target of being net zero in operations. So everything we learn here 00:06:22.000 --> 00:06:26.000 We can take food there. So it would be easier to adapt now. 00:06:26.000 --> 00:06:30.000 Essentially. Thank you. 00:06:30.000 --> 00:06:45.000 Thank you so much, Sam. There are also any questions? So have a look. 00:06:45.000 --> 00:06:59.000 I will have one otherwise Since you're talking a lot about flights, do you think this is easy to reduce given the fact that you're a collaboration? 00:06:59.000 --> 00:07:18.000 Mixed. Depends who you ask. We've kind of find it goes in waves The younger you are, the more keen you are to travel. And then there's like a plateau period where you're happy not suddenly you ramp up and want to hang out with your old mate again. 00:07:18.000 --> 00:07:29.000 Um so We think it's definitely realistic to get down to one international one a year. 00:07:29.000 --> 00:07:36.000 Which is what we're pushing for now. And beyond that, go for a hubs model. 00:07:36.000 --> 00:07:41.000 Okay. I see also Greg has raised his hand. 00:07:41.000 --> 00:07:52.000 Yeah, I have a question about the carbon footprint of the xenon itself because xenon is only present at 10 to the minus 8 in the atmosphere. And if you need new xenon. 00:07:52.000 --> 00:08:02.000 The distillation cost is probably quite high. I mean, I know the same distillation process makes liquid oxygen liquid nitrogen, but Is that factored in? 00:08:02.000 --> 00:08:03.000 Into your numbers at all. 00:08:03.000 --> 00:08:23.000 Not in this. But for XLZD, we've started doing full carbon life cycle assessments. And for that we are talking to the people who we buy xenon from to get those numbers. 00:08:23.000 --> 00:08:27.000 Okay, thanks. 00:08:27.000 --> 00:08:30.000 Thank you. Then with that, I think we can also move on. 00:08:30.000 --> 00:08:37.000 Flesh stock. So Martin, if you're around, you could start sharing.