1st International Conference on Advances in Engineering and Technology (ICAET-2018)

2 Apr 2018, 09:00 → 3 Apr 2018, 17:20 Asia/Karachi

BUITEMS, Quetta, Pakistan

Dr. Najam Malghani (Baluchistan university of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences (BUITEMS), Quetta)

                                                                                                                                       

Full Paper Submission date extended: 22nd March 2018 Submit Full Paper  Timetable has been uploaded All accepted abstracts will be published in book of abstracts with ISBN# 978-969-26266-0-5 Faculty of Engineering & Architecture at Balochistan University of IT, Engg. & Management Sciences, (BUITEMS)  would like to invite you to contribute to and participate in  ICAET-2018  that will be held in Quetta, the capital city of Balochistan province of Pakistan.  For details of the conference please visit our official website  www.icaet2018.com

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1st International Conference on Advances in Engineering and Technology (ICAET 2018) is a forum for presenting excellent results and new challenges facing the field of Engineering. It brings together experts from industry, governments and academia, experienced in engineering, design and research.

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Selected Papers will be published in 

IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (MSE)

Abstracted In;

• Conference Proceedings Citation Index – Science (CPCI-S)
  (Thomson Reuters, Web of Science)
• Scopus
• Compendex
• Inspec
• INIS (International Nuclear Information System)
• Chemical Abstracts
• NASA Astrophysics Data System
• Polymer Library

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Keynote Speakers

Dr. Arfan Ghani Coventry University, United Kingdom.	Dr.Pakamas Chetpattananondh Prince of Songkla University, Thailand	Dr. Farid Nasir bin Ani Research Professor UTM Malaysia	Prof. Ing. Jiri Militky Technical University of Liberec Czech Republic

 

Monday 2 April

09:00 → 10:20 Registration

10:20 → 11:50 Inauguration Ceremony

Recitation of Holy Qura'n
Address by Conference Chair
Address by General Chair
Address by Chief Guest
Plenary Talk

11:50 → 12:20 Tea Break

12:20 → 14:00 Chemical Engineering

12:20 Thermal Processing of Biosources and Biodiesel Using Microwave Heating

Energy uncertainty that fluctuates the cost of petroleum has move the attention of researchers toward renewable energy and sustainable materials sources. Bioresources and crop oils are available in abundantly and cheap sources that are environment friendly in tropical countries. It has been identified as one of the main sources of the sustainable and renewable energy and materials in Malaysia. Malaysian experience on oil palm cultivation could open the needs for food, bio-chemicals, energy and material supplies for the other countries using suitable crops plantation. An example of utilization of biomass is in the processing of palm oil industries. The presentation describes several possible routes to provide energy as well as potential value-added products from bioresources. The trend in thermo-conversion processing of the biomass is the application of microwave energy into renewable biofuels, materials and chemicals. The potential uses of agro-products and agro-solid wastes for biofuels, materials and chemicals are highlighted. The applications of these biofuels, materials and chemicals have been applied in some countries around the world. The implementation and utilization of this technology will be feasible when the technology is developed, fabricated and commission locally with locally produced biomass. With advanced research and development efforts, together with local expertises, indigenous technologies could be developed and produced, thus reducing the high cost of import technologies.

Speaker: Prof. Farid Bin Ani (UTM Malaysia)

12:40 Production of Alternative Energy from Microalgae

Speaker: Dr Pakamas Chetpattananondh (Prince of Songla University Thailand)

13:00 Promoting Modern Applications of Biomass Energy for Cooking and Heating in household Sector in Pakistan

Speaker: Prof. Abdul Waheed Bhutto (DUET Karachi)

13:20 Catalytic Pyrolysis of microalgae (Chlorella sp.) Using Zeolite as Catalysts in a Fixed Bed Reactor

The potential of catalytic pyrolysis of non-edible biomass derived from microalgae (Chlorella sp.) for bio-oil using commercial and synthesis nano-crystalline HZSM-5 catalyst in a fixed bed reactor was studied in this work. The Chlorella sp. biomass was used as the feedstock and the chemical and elemental components of the Chlorella sp. were identified by proximate and ultimate analysis. The maximum yield of bio-oil was optimized in order to find the optimum condition of the operation variables. In addition the obtained bio-oils were analyzed by elemental GC–MS and FTIR. The results revealed that at 500 degree C with 2.5 gram of nano HZSM-5 in fixed bed reactor for 90 minutes is the optimum conditions which provides the maximum yield of bio-oil around 33% by weight. The whole bio-oil derived from microalgae biomass is comprised of a various chemical compound of oxygenated compounds, various aromatics and their derivatives, long-chain alkanes, and nitrogenous compounds.

Speaker: Sukritthira Ratanawilai

13:40 Study the effects of epoxy/tri functional mercaptan resins structure based PDLC films

The present investigation is focused on to find out the effects of the structure of epoxy/trifunctional mercaptan resins based polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) films on the morphology of polymer matrix via heat curing system. The interaction between epoxy reaction and polythiol group (-SH) resins turn played an essential role in step-growth polymerization reaction for the preparation of PDLC films. In addition to this, the polymer morphologies in this heat curing system have been regulated from polymer beads to porous polymer matrix by changing the liquid crystals (LCs) contents, chemical structures of epoxy trifunctional mercaptan resins, and functionality of thiol hardeners. On the other hand, the thiol group (-SH) fractured the PDLC films continuously with changing driving voltage radically. With the enhancing content of the epoxy resins, the LC domain size decreased, while the thiol had a various effect on the LC domain size. It was of great importance for the optimisation and the possible applications of the PDLC films.

Speaker: Dr Mujtaba Ellahi (Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts & Basic Sciences, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences (BUITEMS). Quetta 87100 Pakistan)

12:20 → 14:00 Civil Engineering: Civil Engineering & Construction Materials

12:20 Development of a Geotechnical Information Database.

Keynote Talk

Speaker: Dr Amanullah Mari (NEDUET Karachi)

12:40 Role of masonry infill wall on the seismic behavior of typical four-storey building in Pakistan

Masonry infill walls are used as partition in reinforced concrete frames and are considered as a non-engineering structure for design and analysis purposes. The goal of this study is to compare different response parameters such as displacement, storey drift, base shear and ground overturning moment of a multi-storey RC frame structure with and without infill walls. For this purpose, a four-storey building is selected, which is supposed to be situated on stiff soil type (SD) and seismic zone 2B according to the Building Codes of Pakistan. Openings are neglected in the building. Non-linear static pushover analysis method is used to check the behavior of building during earthquake using SAP-2000. To find the width of compression struts, FEMA-356 is used. The results are compared and shown in the form of graphs. It is concluded that the masonry infill walls may have significant effects on the seismic response of the reinforced concrete frame structures, therefore, infill walls needs to be considered during the design and analysis of the building.
Keywords: Reinforced concrete frame, masonry infill walls, compression struts, pushover analysis, seismic resistance

Speaker: awais ali muhammad

13:00 A study of effect of tempered glass fines in concrete at elevated temperature

Waste management is a major issue worldwide. Glass is one of the solid wastes. Being non-biodegradable, it is inappropriate for landfill. One of the ways of disposing it off is its use in concrete for partial replacement of aggregates. In this study, tempered glass fines were used as partial replacement of aggregates in order to enhance the fire resistant properties of concrete. Concrete cubes with varying percentage and size of glass fines were tested for compressive strength at normal and elevated temperature (790 degree Celsius). Maximum increase in strength (119% at normal temperature and 50% at elevated temperature) was observed for the 5% replacement of sand with glass fines of size passing ASTM sieve # 4 and retained on sieve # 12

Speaker: Mr Husnain Faisal (UET, Lahore)

13:20 Numerical Evaluation of Slope Stability measures: A Case Study of Birham Landslide

Slope failures endanger the public safety and one of major hazard considered in mountainous terrain. In this paper, slope stability measures have been evaluated using the kinematic approach of limit equilibrium (LE). A case study of slope failure from Birham land slide, Murree, Pakistan has been modeled using LE based software SLOPE/W. In-sitboring tests are performed to collect labortary test specimens. Geotechnical properties (i.e. shear strength and stiffness parametrs) for the idealied slope sections are based on labortary tests. Slope stability measures are evaluated in terms of factor of safety (FOS) for unreinforced and reinforced slopes with piles. Based on computed FOS for various combinations of pile locations and numbers, slope stability measures havebeen discussed.

Speakers: Mr Urwa Khan (Graduate Student" Nagoya University Japan), Dr Saeed Ullah Jan Mandokhail (BUITEMS)

13:40 Emprical SPT-CPT correlation for soils from Lahore, Pakistan

Standard Penetration Test (SPT) and static cone penetration test (CPT) are the most widely used in situ tests to depict the soil stratigraphy and determine the geotechnical properties of the subsurface soils. The CPT leaps out because of its capability to trace the resistance continuously and due to its accuracy, it is still considered to be reliable than the SPT. The outcome of these tests is very important for the design procedures to be implemented for various geotechnical purposes. To effectively utilize all the available data, there is a need of updating a correlation between these two widely used in situ tests. This study implements the statistical linear regression model using a 107 SPT and 47 CPT measurements across the city of Lahore, Pakistan to develop SPT-CPT correlations between the cone resistance (qc) and the uncorrected SPT blow counts (N) for various soils. The developed correlation is compared in terms of qc/N ratios with the previous published studies.

Speaker: Mr Nawaz Ali Kakar

12:20 → 14:00 Interdisciplinary: General

12:20 Development and Characterization of Textile Strain Sensors Using Different Weave Designs

Smart textiles are the textile structures that can sense the stimuli and respond accordingly. These stimuli may come from mechanical, thermal, electrical or chemical sources. Textile strain sensors are one of the product of smart textiles in which sensors resistance change with applied strain. This study involves the development and characterization of textile strain sensors by using different weave designs and different blend ratio of conductive materials in the yarns. Three different woven structures of textile strain sensors are developed. Material used for these sensors are conductive yarn (Polyester/Silver blend) and lycra. 3/1 twill and multilayered structures are developed on the semi-automatic weaving machine while braided structure is also manufactured on braiding machine. After development of sensors, these sensors are tested for stretch recovery by using Tensile testing machine and electrical resistance of as developed sensors is measured by using electrical multi-meter. This study described the best suitable blend ratio and weave design for textile strain sensors. This study also explained about the sensor with best sensitivity and stability. These sensors can be used in medical field for monitoring the human respiration, for rehabilitation purposes, for monitoring the joints movement etc.

Keywords:
Strain Sensor, Conductive Yarn, Braided Structure, 3/1 twill Structure, Multi-layered Structure, Polyester/Silver blend

Speaker: Mr Abdul Salam (National Textile University Faisalabad )

12:40 Engineered Silica Nanoparticles and SiNps containing Controlled Release Fertilizer for drought and saline areas

Silicon supplementation has been used in the beginning of this cenutury, to increase salinity tolerance in plants, therefore Silica nanoparticles (SiNps) can also be used as a trial to improve salinity tolerance in plants that are grown in drought and salt effected areas. In this study Silica Nps have been synthesyzied by some modification in the conventional method of Stober by thermal hydrolysis of Tetraethylorthosilicate. A compound Controlled Release Fertilizer (CRF) was synthesized that carried NPK and silica Nps inside the core and Chitosan as the first semi-permeable coating and Sodium Alginate and Kaolin as an outer most superabsorbent coating. The synthesized SiNps were characterized by TEM, SEM and XRD while the CRF was characterized by FTIR. The water absorbency of CRF beads showed that they can absorb large amounts of water and double their weight. The Nutrient released rate from CRF beads was very slow and sustained for six months at room temperature. The SiNps containing superabsorbent CRF was capable of releasing the nutrients slowly, withhold large amounts of water therefore can help plants control the salinity and survive better in drought and saline conditions without harming the environment. The synthesized compound fertilizer is biocompatible, biodegradable and nontoxic so helpful in growing plants in drought and salt effected areas.

Speaker: Mrs Ayesha Mushtaq (Department of Chemistry, SBK Women’s University, Quetta, Pakistan.)

13:00 SWOT Analysis of Institutional Framework for Engineering Diplomas in Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) System in Pakistan

The theoretical underpinnings of SWOT analysis for institutional framework of engineering diplomas is used to highlight its components of strength, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. The TVET system disseminates approximately 29 associate engineering diplomas in one, three, and four years of duration in Pakistan. Strength includes establishment of provincial TEVTAs as apex TVET authorities, TVET system, technical education and vocational trainings in private and public sectors, trade testing boards, and signatory of ILO and UNESCO. Weaknesses captures TVET deficiency, administrative and legal issues, highly skewed technical education, inadequate number of technical colleges, traditional engineering technologies, trade quality compromises, and non-collaboration among TVET institutions and authorities. Opportunities lies in demand driven market diplomas, local and international markets for earnings and employment, national skill policies, and economic fortunes of mega projects. The threats are present in low skill formation, technical skill deficiency for females and rural areas, international in-competitiveness in labor markets, Chinese skilled immigrants, expansion of TVET trades to modern and emerging fields, imbalanced technical education in TVET set-ups, and low socio-economic standards of common Pakistanis for the development of TVET system in Pakistan. Policy recommendations are devised to develop TVET system for human resource development in Pakistan.

Speaker: Mr Aziz Ahmed (Quaid-i-Azam University and BUITEMS)

13:20 9-Level Cascaded H-bridge Multilevel Inverter

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Speaker: Mr Owais Athar Syed (Lecturer )

13:40 Power Production Dynamics of China Pakistan Economic Corridor in Pakistan

The major projects of the China Pakistan Economic Corridor CPEC are Energy focus based projects, approximately $ 33 Billion are expected to be invested in this sector. As per China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) Early Harvest scheme 10,400MW of the electricity will be added to National Grid of Pakistan by March 2018.Power production projects under CPEC power production dynamic cover both renewable and nonrenewable realm. The renewable power production projects under CPEC are Qaid-e-Azam solar park (1000MW), UEP100MW wind Farm(Jhimpir,Thatta), Sachal wind Farm 50 MW,Dawood Wind Farm 50MW,Suki Kinary Hydropower station (870MW), Kohat Hydro power project(720MW) and Three Gorges second and third wind power project of the 100MW. Besides renewable energy projects the nonrenewable projects under CPEC in the country are Port Qasim coal-Fired power station(1320MW),Sahiwal coal-Fired power plant(1320MW), CPHGC Coal-Fired power plant(1320MW) and Thar First and Thar second each of the capacity of 1320MW. The current transmission lines capacity of the Pakistan is 15500MW to extend its capacity HVDC transmission lines of 660Kv from Matiari to Lahore and Matiari to Fasialabad is the part of Energy projects under CPEC in Pakistan.

Speaker: Mr Fazal Muhammad (BUITEMS)

12:20 → 14:00 Mechanical and Material Engineering: Mechanical

12:20 In-plane shear strength analysis of Basalt Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Laminates with Biowaste Catalyst Free Carbon

This study aims to analyze the effects of carbon nanospheres (CNSs) on the in-plane shear strength of basalt fiber-reinforced composite laminate (BFR). The CNSs were obtained from an economical fibrous residue attained from the sago palm tree, which is known as biowaste sago bark. Hand lay-up method was used to fabricate the unidirectional basalt fiber-reinforced epoxy composite laminates. The epoxy resin was mixed with carbon nanosphere particles (i.e., 0.6 wt% - 1 wt%). In-plane shear tests have been conducted as per ASTM standards. In addition, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis was conducted, in order to study the fracture surfaces of the composite laminates. The results demonstrated significant improvement in in-plane shear strength when carbon nanosphere particles were included in the basalt fiber-reinforced epoxy composite laminate. The best result was obtained at 1.0 wt% CNSs. It displayed an increment of 37.1% in in-plane shear strength, and 36.4% increment in modulus of rigidity, respectively, in comparison to neat basalt fiber-reinforced epoxy composite laminate. The improved accomplishment of CNSs/ basalt fiber-reinforced epoxy composite laminate is due to good distribution of CNSs particles in the epoxy matrix.

Speaker: Dr Ali Nawaz Mengal

12:40 Hydrodynamic and combustion behavior of low grade coals in a circulating fluidized bed combustor

In order to burn low grade coals for meeting stringent emission requirements in large industrial steam generators, over the years Combustion of Circulating Fluidized Bed (CFBC) technology has been used. For introducing CFBC needed for control of SO2 and NOx emission is one of the important pulling force. However, much is needed to be understood as when heat, mass and momentum heat transfer are interlinked, in order to encounter the complex flow patterns. Understanding of the major fluidization across the CFB loop for low grade coal having various particle size was the main objective of this work. Fluidization behavior of a CFB studied, when various solids e.g. rice husk, Thar coal, sand, etc were fluidized by building a lab-scale CFB test rig. The exit geometry being influenced by riser height along with velocity contours was observed. The experimental work gave useful knowledge on the use of the CFB technology for efficient combustion of low grade coals. For a hot riser of Circulating Fluidized Bed (CFB), combustion behavior for coals of low grade from Baluchistan, was investigated. The influence on emissions has been established by analyzing the effects of changing the primary air and feed rate. In the CFB rig, thermocouples recorded and continuously monitored the temperatures at different locations and the GC analyzer recorded the concentrations of CO, CO2 and O2 in the produced gas. From the sampling port, the flue gas was analyzed by keeping constant the fluidized air for primary air flow rate. The coal feed rate was changed and the temperature variations for various feed rates were recorded. As the feeding started to reach about 900°C, it was noticed that at the top of the CFB, the temperature increased fastly. A practical experience of burning a low grade coal from Pakistan was demonstrated. It is an encouraging study for building power plants on large scale coal fired for ending a drastic shortfall of power in Pakistan.

Speaker: Prof. Ahmad Hussain (Faculty of Engineering Sciences & Technology (FEST))

13:00 Investigation of carbon based adsorbents for the development of thermally-driven adsorption cooling systems

Adsorption cooling systems are considered as energy efficient and sustainable technologies from the prospective of environmental safety and thermal energy utilization. These systems possess zero potentials of ozone depletion and global warming. In adsorption cooling processes, knowledge of adsorbent-refrigerant pairs (e.g. adsorption equilibrium, kinetics and heat) is important. The system performance is directly related to interactions between the adsorbent and refrigerant. Thus, overall thermodynamic performance of the system can be improved accordingly. In this study, numerous carbon based adsorbents are explored in detail with different types of refrigerants (e.g. ethanol, methanol, CO2, R134A etc.). in order to select the optimum adsorbent-refrigerant pair. The analyses in the study are based on the experimental data of various adsorbent-refrigerant pairs available in the literature. Various adsorption isotherms models including: Dubinin-Astakhov, Tóth, Freundlich etc. present adsorption equilibrium data. Consequently, overall system analyses have been conducted by means of pressure-temperature-adsorption equilibrium (P-T-W) diagram. The P-T-W diagram is also drawn for the ideal cycle analysis in order to explain the performance of adsorption cooling systems. The coefficient of performance of the system has been calculated accordingly for the studied adsorbent-refrigerant pairs.
Keyword: adsorption cooling; activated carbon; refrigerant; optimization

Speaker: Mr Faizan Shabir (Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan)

13:20 Thermodynamic investigation of M-cycle assisted open-cycle desiccant air conditioning systems

There is a necessity of low-cost air-conditioning (AC) systems for the agriculture sector of Pakistan e.g. product storage/preservation, greenhouse growing and thermal comfort of animals etc. Solid desiccant air-conditioning (DAC) system can be a handy solution in this regard. The present study gives a detail overview of DAC assisted with the Maisotsenko cycle (M-cycle) system and its applicability for the agriculture sector and livestock applications. Ideal humidity and temperature requirements for the agricultural and livestock applications have been represented on psychometric charts. Comparison between DAC and conventional AC systems has been given which shows the significance of DAC technology in the AC sciences and also represented this difference as graphically. Desiccant (AC) systems are getting lots of attention in order to control the humidity in various air conditioning applications e.g. product storage, greenhouses and thermal comfort for the livestock. Different materials and arrangements are checked as which desiccant material and arrangement is more suitable in Pakistan situation in the desiccant air conditioning system. Additionally, some analysis has been made to investigate the DAC system which shows the importance of DAC in this field of agriculture as well as in livestock. Results show that the DAC can be low-cost heat driven air-conditioning system for the agricultural sector of Pakistan.
Keywords: desiccant; air-conditioning; M-cycle; agriculture; product storage; Pakistan.

Speaker: Mr Hassan Niaz (Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan)

13:40 Modeling and Simulation of a 100 MW Concentrated Solar Thermal Power Plant Using Parabolic Trough Collectors in Pakistan

The increasing energy demands of the modern era has created a critical situation. The world is now moving towards renewable and sustainable methods of producing energy, among them the most abundant renewable energy resource is solar energy. As the lifetime and efficiency of Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) is more as compared to photovoltaic (PV) and considering the solar potential of Pakistan, design of a 100 MW Concentrated Solar thermal power plant using Parabolic Trough Collectors and a 6-hour thermal energy storage is proposed. The CSP plant is modeled and simulated using System Advisor Model (SAM). Based on certain parameters, a location receiving an annual Direct normal irradience (DNI) of 1955 $KWh/m^2/year$ near Nawabshah is selected for the hypothetical solar thermal power plant. The plant consists of 189 solar collector loops with 8 parabolic trough collectors in each loop and HITEC solar salt as HTF. The simulation results, show that the plant can generate 245,688,560 kWh (245.68 GWh) of electricity annually with a capacity factor of 28.1% and 93.8% gross to net conversion. The results of PTC Power plant encourage further investigation and development of CSP technologies for electricity generation in Pakistan.

Speaker: Mr Kashif Liaqat (Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences (BUITEMS), Quetta, Pakistan)

12:20 → 14:00 Textile Engineering and Technology: Textile

12:20 Fibrous Structure for EMI shielding

Speaker: Prof. Jiri Militky (Technical University of Liberec, Czech Republic)

12:40 Manufacturing of high performance multilayer stitched fabric on a hand loom

Textile composites are made by intimately combining two or more different substances each with its own characteristics. Since the physical and mechanical properties of the resultant products are superior to those of the original components, they have found many application fields such as aerospace, automobile, marine construction, sports, defense, and medicine. Textile composites made of 2D laminates show better stiffness and in-plane strength but lower out-of-plane resistance because of the absence of third dimension reinforcement. To overcome this demerit, 3D textile structures have been developed using different manufacturing techniques like weaving, knitting, and braiding etc. with technical improvements in them. Among them 3D weaving is extensively used for making most advanced forms of composites for hi-tech industries like aerospace and automobiles. However, the weaving machines used for making 3D fabrics are quite expensive. Because of this reason, such equipment could not be introduced in textile industry and textile composites manufacturing in Pakistan is negligible.
This research focuses on successfully developing the multilayer stitched fabrics ranging from four to ten layers on a hand loom using 1420 denier Kevlar® 49 multi-filament yarn. Such multilayer stitched fabrics can be produced on mechanical weaving machines with dobby attachment and the constructed structures can be used for making soft body armor or as reinforcement for high anti-ballistic composite materials.

Speaker: Dr Mumtaz Hasan Malik (University of Management and Technology)

13:00 An Overview of Different Microencapsulation Techniques for Smart Textiles

This article is a review which covers the spectacular technology of microencapsulation; it’s method of preparation, selection of polymeric core shell materials and their uses in broad scale of applications. The methodology of microencapsulation adopted depends on the selection of core and shell ingredients which further depends on the application area. The encapsulation is categorized into three main methods of preparation such as Chemical method, Physic-o-chemical and Physical method. Microencapsulation technology occupies a wide range of applications by encapsulating drugs, fragrances, catalyst, vitamins, adhesives, cosmetics, enzymes, healing agents and various other active materials which employed in agriculture, textiles, and for clinical purposes. Microcapsulation of phase change material revolutionized smart textiles by making them permanent thermoregulatory as well as a slow release encapsulation mechanism for different innovative functional textiles.

Speaker: Dr Kashif Iqbal (National Textile University Faisalabad Pakistan)

13:20 Fabrication of copper oxide nanoparticles and their application on textiles to make it multi-functional

With growing demands for hygienic and smart textiles, development of multifunctional textile is increasing day-by-day. Researches have been continuously working on such textiles. In this study copper oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by aqueous precipitation method using different concentrations of CuSO4.5H2O, Na2S2O4 and NaOH, then, characterized by X-Ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Afterward, prepared nano-dispersion was applied on cotton textile by padding then dried at 100oC for 1 minute and cured at 150oC for 3 minutes using cross-linker to make it durable. Finished cotton fabric was investigated for antibacterial, resistivity and UV protection properties. The treated fabric showed electrical conductivity along with UV protection and excellent activity against bacterial strains (S. Aureus and E.coli) upto 15 washes. This textile can find application in sports wear, medical textiles and textile based flexible solar cells.

Speaker: Sairish Malik

13:40 EFFECT OF MATERIAL AND STITCHING ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF WOVEN FABRICS

Recent years have seen a considerable spread in polymer composite structural materials, which allows the development of alternatives that fulfill technical requirements and methods for improving their mechanical performance. Glass and carbon fibers are being widely used for making composites used in conditions of high loads. While basalt fibers have recently gained attention due to their advantages in terms of cost, physical and chemical characteristics and for the reinforcements of thermosetting polymers as compared to the conventional glass or carbon fibers. Yao and Zhu investigated the strain-rate effect on the tensile behaviors of unidirectional glass,basalt, carbon and plain-woven aramid fabrics. While Liu et al investigated the mechanical properties of basalt and glass fiber composite. Similarly Lopresto et al compared the E-glass and basalt fiber reinforced plastic laminates and shows the high performance of basalt materials.
Most of the work has been done on composites while it is necessary to understand and evaluate the mechanical properties of woven structure before being used in composites. In this research work, the possibility of basalt material in comparison with E-glass as reinforcement material has been analyzed. For this, the effect of material, stitch distance and stitching in between has been analyzed on tensile strength and toughness of woven fabric. The significance of these parameters has been evaluated to optimize woven structures for future use.

Speaker: Dr Muhammad Salman Naeem (NTU, Fsd)

12:30 → 14:00 Poster: Poster Session

14:05 → 14:55 Lunch and Prayer

15:00 → 17:00 Chemical Engineering

15:00 Photocatalytical Degradation of Congo Red dye by Nano Titanium Dioxide coated glass Bead under UV light

Speaker: Dr Asadullah Khan (COMSATS)

15:20 Carbon Dioxide Capture from Natural Gas and Flue Gases Using Membrane Technology

Speaker: Dr Arshad Hussain (NUST Islamabad)

15:40 Simulation of PEMFC by Using ANSYS Fluent for Isothermal and Non-isothermal Models

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) are attractive alternative source of electricity. The current study involves the computational fluid dynamics simulations of PEMFC under isothermal and non-isothermal conditions to investigate the performance of fuel cell. Effect of pressure and temperature on fuel cell performance has been studied under non-isothermal conditions. PEMFC has been modeled at 323 K and 1 atm under isothermal conditions whereas under non-isothermal conditions, the simulation has been run on 353 K and 3 atm. The results show that the current density increases with increase in operating pressure of PEMFC whereas the current density decreases with operating temperature.

Speaker: Dr Mehmood Saleem (ICET University of the Punjab Lahore)

16:00 Features of Convective Heat Transfer on MHD Peristaltic Movement of Williamson Fluid with the Presence of Joule Heating

In this article, Peristaltic motion with the effects of heat, mass transfer and radially varying MHD of a Prandtl fluid in an endoscope has been studied. The formulated equations of velocity, temperature and concentration field are simplified using long wavelength and low Reynolds number assumptions. The coupled non-linear differential equations are solved analytically by means of the homotopy perturbation method for small values of material parameters. The salient features of pumping and trapping are discussed with particular focus on the effects of Soret, Schmidt number and magnetic parameter. It is observed that temperature and concentration profile shows the opposite behavior. Expressions of pressure rise, friction forces and their graphical results has been also represented. Another is the graphical display of pressure gradient. Stream lines pattern for five different wave frames are also represented. It is observed that trapping bolus of the triangular wave is smaller than the other wave forms.

Speaker: Mrs Naheeda Iftikhar (BUITEMS)

16:20 Upscale fermentation of Bacillus licheniformis to produce probiotic for poultry, using cheap media (molasses)

The main objective of this study was to use Bacillus licheniformis as probiotic to get the beneficial effects on poultry birds for the organic chicken, for this purpose Bacillus licheniformis KT443923 which has high antimicrobial activity, large zone of inhibition and CFU/g was cultured in molasses which is a cheap media. After optimization of shake flask parameters like pH, temperature, NaCl concentration, time, inoculums size, LB media and molasses upscale batch fermentation process was carried out in 7 liter Bioflo fermenter with 3 liters working volume and 6ml/100 ml of clarified molasses were used as medium at 37°C for 24 hrs on 200 rpm/min for bacterial growth. For the fermentation of aerobic bacteria 2.5 vvm of dissolve oxygen/min was selected. The cell mass was centrifuged at 60,000 rpm for 15 minutes, pellet was lyophilized finally 4 gm (CFU 5.1×10 10 ) product was obtained. It was observed that cell mass production was maximum in fermenter (4 g/L) as compared to the shake flask which was (1g/L).

Speaker: Dr Zia-ud- din (CASVAB University of Balochistan Quetta)

16:40 Reorientation of Pakistan’s Energy policy

Historically overall objective of Pakistan’s Energy policy has been to develop this sector to support an expanding economy. 1994 energy policy brought a decisive shift in Pakistan's diverse energy sources to promote private sector participation in the power sector of Pakistan. Power generation policy 2015 recognized the need to transform power sector of the country into a modern, efficient and resilient system to enhance energy security. Literature on energy policy suggest that given the multiple policymakers at all levels, energy policy is complicated and interconnected and in case of Pakistan, disconnect vision enslaved in country’s energy policies and what is actually occurring in the energy sector can be attributed in part to persistent shortfalls in implementation performance. This study reviews significant constraints of Pakistan’s current energy system and paradigms of energy policies in Pakistan. Article also analyses the energy policy of leading developed and developing countries. Study also reviews government level energy modelling efforts made by Pakistan alongside review of the modelling work done by the researchers on Pakistan’s energy system. It is important to view energy options through the lens of trade-offs. Each energy option is not all good or bad; rather, it is some combination of both. Managing the upsides and downsides becomes the central challenge for energy decisions.

Keywords: Energy crisis; energy planning; energy policy; Pakistan

Speaker: Mrs Sadia Karim (Department of Chemical Engineering, Dawood University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan)

15:00 → 17:00 Civil Engineering

15:00 Site Specific Ground Response Analysis of Peshawar, Pakistan

The study discusses the site-specific ground response analysis at a selected location in Peshawar University. The ground is modelled in one dimensional ground response analysis software DeepSoil using the standard penetration test results data. Based on the average shear wave velocity the site is stiff SD according to building codes of Pakistan. The input ground motion applied at the base of ground model is selected compatible to the seismic hazard of Peshawar. The soil non-linearity is modelled using shear modulus degradation and damping curves. The surface response spectrum shows overestimate at short frequency and underestimates at high frequency in comparison to design response spectrum of Peshawar.
Keywords: Ground response analysis, Deepsoil, Peshawar, Response spectrum

Speaker: Dr Khalid Mehmood (Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar)

15:25 Effect of the confining method on the cyclic undrained behaviors of sand

Cyclic Simple Shear (CSS) test is widely considered to best simulate vertically propagating shear waves and in-situ stress conditions. CSS test is always performed to generate reliable laboratory data for development and calibration of models in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering design. Soil sample is laterally confined to simulate in-situ stress condition (k0). Stacked rings (SR) and Wire-reinforced membranes (WR) are the two widely used confining methods. Studies have been conducted on the effect of the two confinement methods on the static behavior of soil. In this paper, the effect of the SR and WR confinement methods on the dynamic soil behavior is studied. The comparison of the undrained stress controlled cyclic CSS tests results indicated that the dynamic behavior of the two confinement methods is mostly similar.

Speaker: Saeed Mandokhail (BUITEMS)

15:50 Partial Replacement of Cement in Plain Cement Concrete with Bentonite Clay and Quarry Dust

Construction industry is constantly faced with a challenge to meet the everyday increasing demand of construction materials, with a growing concern in mind not to harm the environment. Cement is mostly costly material in concrete. Environmental pollution problems can be solved up to some extent using waste material in concrete The option of use of supplementary cementitious materials which are either byproduct of construction industry or some other production process has been explored in past which has resulted in discovery of many very useful materials in concrete industry. The present study focus on suitability of using quarry dust and bentonite clay as a partial replacement of cement in concrete. Quarry dust and bentonite clay contents were progressively increased from 0% (control sample) to 20% with increments of 5%. Both these materials were used simultaneously as cement replacement. Optimum contents were established using many concrete tests. Higher compressive strength is achieved at 10% replacement of cement with quarry dust and bentonite clay. Workability of mixes tends to decrease by increasing content of bentonite clay and quarry dust. Mixes prepared with bentonite clay and quarry dust shows resistance to acid attacks. The average weight loss due to acid attacks tends to decrease. Bentonite clay and quarry dust can be effectively used in concrete.

Speaker: Mr Muhammad Nasir Ayaz Khan (Swedish college of engineering and technology wah cantt)

16:10 Development of Mobile Ecosystem for Smart Sharing of Domestic Water Efficient Collection and Supply Management, for Quetta City

Abstract
This study focuses on the communication among various devices to share real-time information on smart devices. In this paper, we proposed a novel concept for domestic water collection and supply (DWCS) information sharing over a wireless sensor network (WSN), which uses mobile communication networks (MCN) for a Smart Mobile Ecosystem (SMES). This paper proposes a smart sharing of DWCS based on SMES on five components for efficient collection and smart supply sharing of domestic water, viz., inputs, facility, communication, event evaluation, and output. This approach develops ubiquitous computing to meet the desirable domestic water requirements. The smart collection and sharing of domestic water supply uses Information and Communication Technology (ICT) for connecting water and sanitation agency (WASA). The WASA authority linked to the main server through assigned IPs. The aggregated information is shared with end-users. Our propose SMES platform establish IP-DWCS components communication among each other, central processing room (main server), WASA links with end-user.

Keywords: Domestic Water Collection and Supply; Smart Mobile Ecosystem; Smart Sharing; Information and Communication Technology; Water and Sanitation Agency; Mobile Communication Networks.

Speaker: Dr Zafar Baloch (Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, BUITEMS, Quetta )

16:35 STRUCTURAL DEFECTS IN RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS: A STUDY OF QUETTA, PAKISTAN

Housing plays a very important role in the human life and our society. Housing has a great social and economic impact on our lives and the way we live. It has direct and immediate effect on health, education, economy, environment, political and social life of any society. In today’s technologically advanced world, the quality of housing and its maintenance in a livable condition yet remains a challenge in many parts of the globe. This study identifies the various types of structural defects present in the residential buildings of Quetta city. The data was collected from selected areas of the city using questionnaire, physical identification survey, and conducting interviews based on the fundamental knowledge of structural defects and their effects on buildings. It was found that houses in Quetta cantonment area possess the highest number of structural defects followed by Pashtoonabad area. Apart from identifying the most affected area, an overall state of the residential buildings in Quetta city regarding structural integrity was also determined. Since, the city of Quetta is located in earthquake zone, it is very important that these types of structural defects should be avoided in future residential buildings and necessary maintenance should be carried out in existing houses to avoid any serious damages to houses and loss of human lives due to the occurrence of any possible disaster.

Keywords: Housing survey, structural defects, residential buildings, disasters, Quetta

Speaker: Mr Jalal Faisal Khan (BUITEMS)

2018 Structural defects in residential buildings_ A study of Quetta Pakistan.pdf

15:00 → 17:00 Interdisciplinary: Interdisciplinary Engineering

15:00 EFFICIENCY AND COST ANALYSIS OF POWER SOURCES IN IMPRESSED CURRENT CATHODIC PROTECTION SYSTEM FOR CORROSION PREVENTION IN BURIED PIPELINES

Abstract
Corrosion is the physical deterioration of metals, including buried metal structures and gas pipelines, resulting from chemical reactions between metals and the surrounding environment. Cathodic protection of these underground metals structures & pipelines can be achieved either by Impressed Current method or by sacrificial anodes method. This research paper focuses on the corrosion prevention of buried metal structures in general and gas pipelines in particular, by the novel method of Impressed Current Cathodic Protection (ICCP) which uses electrical current by an external DC power source for its operation. Three major DC power sources that is, Transformer Rectifier, Thermoelectric Generator and the Solar System are selected for this purpose and are projected over a period of time in a pre-designed ICCP for high transmission underground gas pipeline in Baluchistan, a province of Pakistan. The efficiencies of these three power sources are then analyzed and compared according to the climate effects, the versatility effects, the intensity of power output, their operational limitations and also their initial, running and maintenance costs. The measured results will aid the selection of efficient and robust DC power source for ICCP design and will contribute in mitigating and controlling the corrosion rate in underground pipelines. On the basis of analysis of the measured results for the three available DC sources, the Solar System was found as the most efficient DC power source for Impressed Current Cathodic Protection of buried gas pipelines. The selection of efficient corrosion protection system will result in a smooth flow of oil and gas products through these buried pipelines which may otherwise leads to huge monitory and accidental losses when get corroded.

Speaker: Mr Syed Awais Athar (BUITEMS)

15:20 Synthesis of Magnetic Nano-rods of Cobalt using Templet from the Anodization of Aluminum as Anodic Aluminum Oxide (AAO)

Anodization, Anodic Aluminum Oxide (AAO), two steps of Anodization, Barrier Layer(BL), Templet, Synthesis, Magnetic Nano-rods, Cobalt (Co), Electrodeposition.

Speaker: Mr Moizuddin Moiz (University of Balochistan, Quetta)

15:40 Synchrotron radiation for research in Engineering Sciences : Prospects at SESAME

During the last couple of decades the use of synchrotron radiation (SR) has increased considerably for investigations in biosciences.

SESAME (Synchrotron-light for Experimental Science & Applications in the Middle East) is an international research center in Jordan jointly pursued by the European Union and numerous developing countries (including Pakistan). It will facilitate world-class research by scientists (in subjects ranging from biology and medical sciences through materials science, environmental science, physics, to archaeology).

With the development of SESAME there is a need to setup a network consisting of scientists, engineers and academicians; and to expand it in order to have an active users’ community of synchrotron radiation in Pakistan. Being motivated by a relatively easy availability of such an expensive and high-valued facility for the scientific community in Pakistan, the present paper not only introduces the basic ideas regarding the synchrotron light but also gives a brief overview of the use of Synchrotron Radiation for research in Engineering Sciences. Some thoughts for building up a more lively users community of synchrotron radiation consisting of students and faculty members of universities in Pakistan have been highlighted.

Speaker: Dr Intikhab Ulfat (Department of Physics, University of Karachi)

16:00 Extraction and quantification of chlorophyll from microalgae Chlorella sp.

Algal biomass emerged as a potential resource of bioenergy and valuable derivatives in recent years. The major characteristics such as high oil contents, carbon sequestration, high growth rate, availability and valuable by-products (pigments) are leading it to compete in the market with traditional sources. The aim of current study was to (i) extract chlorophylls (a and b) at temperature (30, 35 and 40 ºC) and time (60, 90 and 120 min) from marine Chlorella sp. by ultrasonication assisted solvent extraction using methanol: hexane (2:1 v/v), (b) find suitable dilution factor for chlorophyll quantitation using UV-spectrophotometer considering 1:10, 1:15,1:20 ml/ml and (c) determine suitability of dissolving solvents (methanol, ethanol, and acetone) for chlorophyll quantitation using respective simultaneous equations. Maximum extraction in terms of total chlorophylls (a and b) was 18.43 µg/ml achieved at 30 ºC and 120 min. The absorbance spectra peaks were found good with a dilution factor of 1:20 ml/ml, while acetone was observed more attractive towards chlorophyll solubility on resuspension of extract. These pigments have a high market in pharmaceutical, dietary products, and food industry and recovery of these compounds can play an important role to make bioprocess industry more economical.
Keyword: microalgae; marine Chlorella; ultrasonication; chlorophylls; spectrophotometry

Speaker: Muhammad Amin

16:20 Trend analysis in precipitation and accessing the influence of climate indices in Baluchistan

Abstract: Pakistan’s largest province, by area, Baluchistan hosts deep sea Gawadar port, and is playing a vital role in one belt one road (OBOR) plan. CPEC, a Regional route comes under OBOR which connect Pakistan’s Gawadar port to Chinese Xinjiang Province. CPEC Corridor upon construction is expected to revolutionize the infra-structure, economy, trade, finance, demography, environment, culture, socio- economic conditions, of Pakistan. Much of western and central CPEC routes pass through it. However, Baluchistan, due to its topography and rugged terrain, is under constant risk of rainfall driven flash floods. Flash floods are responsible for colossal damages to the infra-structure, especially roads, bridges, trade, communication that ultimately badly affects the humans, economy and the environment. The intensity and frequency of rainfall are increasing due to climate change and flash floods put everything at high risk. In this view, the assessment of changes in rainfall has got significant importance. More or less no appreciable studies have been conducted on the precipitation trend analysis and influence of climate indices in Baluchistan.
This research is focused on assessment of trend analysis in precipitation of Baluchistan using 40 years (1977-2017) data of 14 stations in Baluchistan. The data has been obtained from Pakistan Meteorological Department (PMD). Statistical tests, being the most direct methods of detecting changes in extreme rainfall intensities were adopted. Two nonparametric tests Mann-Kendall (MK) and Spearman’s rho (SR) have been used to find the trends in annual and seasonal precipitations. Nonparametric methods are selected as they are less sensitive to data gaps, if it exists. The regional MK test has been applied to test the regional trends and the partial Mann-Kendall (PMK) test has also been employed to evaluate the variation of trends due to the influence of climate indices data.

Keywords. Trend Analysis, Rainfall driven flash floods, Mann-Kendall, Climate Indices

Speaker: Ms Erum Aamir (Capital University of Sciences and Technology)

16:40 EFFECTIVE USE OF ENZYME ZYMASE FOR ENHANCEMENT OF ETHANOL PRODUCTION COUPLE WITH PARAMETRIC EFFECT

1Mohammad siddique2,3,*Abdul Sattar Jatoi, 2Muhammad Hassam Wajaht, 1Muhammad Najam Khan ,4Ali Nawaz Mangal,3Shaheen Aziz, 3Suhail Ahmed Soomro, 2Abdul Karim Shah
1Chemical engineering department ,BUITEMS Quetta
2Chemical engineering department Dawood university of engineering and technology Karachi
3Chemical engineering department Mehran university of engineering and technology Jamshoro
4Mechanical Engineering department BUITEMS Quetta

*corresponding author: siddiqnasar786@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Pakistan has large sources of sugarcane crops coupled with significant amounts of molasses generated. Based on this a study is conducted to investigate optimal ethanol production focusing the effect of different operational and nutritional parameters. The parameters investigated are temperature, aeration rate, agitation and pH coupled with different doses of enzyme. This study focused to investigate the optimized dose of enzyme with different parametric effects. 2-10 g/l were utilized having a step size of 2. Other parameters ranged as follows; aeration rate 0.1vvm/l to 0.2vvm/l, 200-350rpm agitation, 30-45 degree centigrade and 5-6.5pH ranges were utilized with different enzyme dosage.. Saccharomyces servisae was used as a biocatalyst for ethanol production. The maximum ethanol production obtained at 0.2vvm/l, pH 5.5, agitation speed 300rpm and 35oC at 4g/l of enzyme was about 82g/l. This study found a novel method for utilizing the enzyme separately for enhanced ethanol production.
Key words: enzyme, industrial alcohol, molasses, operation condition

Speaker: Siddique Nasar (BUITEMS)

15:00 → 17:00 Mechanical and Material Engineering: Mechanical

15:00 Renewable Energy Resources in Pakistan

Speaker: Dr Saeed Badshah (IIU Islamabad)

15:20 Comparative analysis of heat transfer coefficient for wood and non-wood pulp fiber suspension

The abstract is considered in the present condition.

Speaker: Dr Ghulamullah Kakar (BUITEMS)

15:40 Electrical conductivity and EMI shielding application of high loft non- woven web from acrylic fibrous waste

In recent years, research on electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials has attracted significant attention due to increase in electromagnetic population from widespread applications of computer and telecommunication technologies [1, 2].For eco-friendly advancements in EMI shielding effectiveness,the development of new light weight shielding materials havingstrong absorption and weak secondary reflection is necessary. This can be achieved by porous morphology, large specific surface area and higher electrical conductivity of shielding materials [3,4].Although number of research studies focused on developmentof porous carbon based EMI shielding materials, the construction oflightweight structures with excellent EMI shielding properties bysimple and affordable method is still a big challenge. This workpresented the simple and novel method for preparation of porousand electrically conductive activated carbon nonwoven web fromacrylic fibrous wastes. The prepared activated carbon is advantageous over carbon made from other materials because of low cost,high density, better purity, and virtually dust-free nature of acrylicfibers [5].
The activated carbon web was prepared by sequentialaction of carding, thermal bonding with bi-component fibers and physical activation of acrylicfibrous web in presence of air. The carbonization was performedunder the layer of charcoal at 800 oC, 1000 oC and 1200 oC with theheating rate of 300 oC h-1 and without any holding time. Further,electrical conductivity, EDX, X-ray diffraction, SEM, X-ray tomography and BET analysis was carried out to study the effect ofcarbonization temperature on physical and morphological properties of activated carbon web. At the end, the electromagneticshielding ability of the produced three webs was investigated with
respect to change in carbonization temperature and thickness ofmaterial using two different measurement approaches (i.e. waveguide method and coaxial transmission line method).

Speaker: Dr Muhammad Salman Naeem (NTU, FSD)

15:00 → 17:00 Mining Engineering

15:00 Advances in Petroleum Engineering current Industry Situation

Speaker: Mr Muhammad Owais Naseem (NEDUET Karachi)

15:20 Numerical modeling of main/tail gate of a long wall mining operation

Coal mines opting for longwall mining or one of its variations rely on the main and tail gates for production of coal from a panel. Therefore stability of these entries or crosscuts is crucial in coal mining operations. Failure of roof/strata may be fatal and may lead to a loss of property, and delayed coal production. Failure of the gates may be a function of many factors including the mining method, width of pillar, mining depth, caving speed, weak roof etcetera. In Pakistan the coal is mined through a variation of longwall mining method with almost no mechanization while using timber as a support system. Timber support as choke is very useful in coal mines specially when it comes to supporting an overhanging face. Similarly gate entries are supported through choke supports throughout the entire length. In this paper the stability of the longwall gate is assessed for a typical mine in Pakistan using finite element code. It is shown that the elasto-plastic analysis is essential for assessing the stability of a gate entry. A model parametric study is performed for some of the factors. It is demonstrated that the default practice of mines is not suitable and there is a need to review the mining approach.

Speaker: Dr Muhammad Zaka Emad (UET)

15:40 Stability Analysis of flood bunds, A study on Geotechnical Health evaluation of embankments

Flood constitutes one of the world’s most serious environmental hazards. Flood bunds are the earthen hydraulic structures which are constructed along the River to control the Flood water to avoid damages to the infrastructure, crops, livestock and also loss of human lives. Pakistan which lies in the Indus Basin has been facing severe threats and losses from the floods since histories. About 6807km length of flood embankment has been constructed to safeguard against the floods in the country. Punjab has been worst hit province by heavy floods and rains causing heavy loss. Geotechnical Evaluation is vital for proper functioning of such structures. For the study purpose four bunds have been selected along River Chenab in D G Khan Irrigation Zone, having potential for embankment breaching. In-Situ tests are performed on the selected flood bunds to collect soil samples for laboratory testing and to measure the in-situ soil permeability. Based on field investigation and lab testing various parameters were selected for modeling the bund structure in the limit equilibrium based software Geo Studio (2012). The model is analyzed considering four different critical scenarios, (1) steady state at highest Flood level (2) Rapid drawdown from highest Flood level (3) steady state at extreme condition with 3 feet free board (4) Rapid drawdown from extreme condition with 3 feet free board. The safety of the flood bunds is evaluated in terms of safe exit gradient, factor of safety and river embankment breaching. Guide lines to avoid breaching of flood bunds are also discussed.

Speaker: Ms sumayya noshin (irrigation)

paper ppt(1).ppt

16:00 Investigation of optimum fluidization velocity of CaCO3 and Coal mixture using fluidized bed

This paper investigates the experimental study to develop fluidizing behavior of CaCO3 and coal micro size particles in a fluidized bed. The tests were carried out at natural conditions. The grain size distributions of the materials were conducted with the help of sieve shaker.The objective of the study to analyze the optimum superficial velocity versus pressure drop and bed height using air flow in a fluidized bed. The minimum fluidization velocity was obtained at pressure drop of 38 mmH2O, at 50:50 of Coal and CaCO3 that was 0.0576 m/sec compared to 0.0767m/sec at pressure drop of 30 mmH2O, 25:75 of coal and CaCO3. Hence, different ratios of the material influenced over the fluidization velocity, pressure drop and bed height. It was observed that investigation of well mixing can be helpful in gasification of CaCO3 and coal.

Speaker: Mr Mujahid Hussain Chijjan (MUET, SZAB Campus Khairpur Mir's , Sindh Pakistan)

16:20 Investigation of raw materials for cement industry of Upper Hunza, Gilgit-Baltistan

Abstract
Limestone represents the main raw material for cement. In this study, six natural limestone’s samples from different geological beds of Khyber Karimabad Upper Hunza Valley, Gilgitbaltistan were chemically and mineralogical investigated as suitable raw material. These samples were investigated with Thin Section, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy coupled with Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and reserve estimation with Geological Information System (GIS). The mineralogical, elemental and reserve estimation indicate that the local raw materials are suitable for cement industry. Geological review shows that there is a good potential for industrial-grade limestone, the composition of this limestone can be generally expressed in terms of CaO, MgO, Al2O3, and SiO2, that may be used in place of similar commodities of good quality cement raw materials.
Keywords: Limestone, dolomite, mineralogical, elemental, CaO and MgO.

Speaker: Mr Zahid Hussain (Dept. of Mining Engineering, Karakoram International University Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan.)

15:05 → 17:00 Poster

17:00 → 17:20 Tea Break

Tuesday 3 April

10:00 → 12:00 Architecture and Town Planning

10:00 Deterioration Morphologies of Historic Brick Imitation Ornamented facades of Mughal Architecture

The brick imitation ornamentation was initiated in the Jahangir period of Mughal architecture. It was more appreciated during the Shah Jahan period due to its aesthetically appealing craftsmanship and skilled labor. The ornamentation of large geometric surfaces characteristic of Mughal architecture with brick imitation amalgamates these surfaces in a rich cultural harmonious flow with the other ornamentation styles. The brick imitation style of ornamentation vanished with the decline of the Mughal rule and the use of fare face bricks during the colonial period. This paper is focused on the documentation of brick imitation style of the Mughal architecture along with the study of deterioration processes responsible for their weathering in the selected heritage sites of Mughal architecture. This diagnostic study and identification of the deterioration morphologies suggested the preliminary strategy for the conservation of these facades with further scientific analysis for their restoration.

Speaker: Prof. Dr. SAIMA GULZAR (UMT Lahore)

10:20 Architecture becoming a global cliche'

Architecture becoming a global cliché is conceptualization of a uniformity witnessed in the practice of architecture across the global society we live in today. Iconic architecture in recent times has mostly become a hegemonic project of the transnational capitalist class. Where an architects essential role has not just been that of developing cities, rather they create economic assets for agencies and international organizations reaching beyond or involving several state borders. Adapting to an increasingly capitalist society, architects today have mostly taken the responsiblilty to curate exhibition spaces. Spaces that make evident the economic conditions of a state. If on one hand these grandeur architecture spaces act as magnets; attracting foreign communities and creating within themselves a world of movement and mixture. These international hubs are on the other hand also constantly facing challenges of risking their cultural identity. To a greater or lesser degree urban cities are reinforced with an insecurity of building largest and biggest making use of latest technology. The research presents an account on how architectural icons are moulded through capitalist market forces. It departs from the standard analysis of “iconic”, to develop a framework within which architecture icons in our world can be analysed based on the literature of capitalist globalization. If the role of architecture is being limited to promote new urbanity in cities. How relevant is national identity and cultural ecology of local communities in a global society? If architecture has to carve out the character of newly expanding urban cities across the globe, there is need to question the ideology of the plural societal structural conditions. Should the latest trends in architecture trick the consciousness of ethnic people, their vernacular language and social beliefs? Since the impact of catering to a global audience is very powerful in present times; have the ethics and values of the past already faded away?

Speaker: Mr Umer Ahmed Mengal (BUITEMS)

ARCHITECTURE BECOMING A GLOBAL CLICHÉ.pdf

10:40 Material Archives; Understanding Urban Geographies Built from Material Circulation

The physical world is highly materialized; materials fabricate our living spaces, construct our economic and geopolitical conditions. It is the materials that define urban functionality and designs the ultimate purpose of a space. Materials have become more than how they appear to the eye, affecting not only the architecture but also other things and people around them. If one is uncertain of the visual conditions, administrative laws or social ecology on which the description and networking of a space rests. It is best to set the description against the materials and resources; the terms begin to explain themselves.
A new architecture for material circulation has been visualized by the two neighbouring countries - Pakistan and China. It is thought to challenge our existing resource system. It has been observed globally that exploitation or mismanagement of a certain high valued materials or resources have often been cited as a key factor in triggering, escalating or sustaining violent conflicts across the globe. The purpose of the research is to explore the geographic importance and the prospects of a newly established market place under China-Pakistan Economic Corridor. Such knowledge can generate perspectives on current conflicts, or obstruct the peaceful resolution of existing ones.

The architectonics of the research is strictly geographical. It defines the strategies of governance that influences urban spaces where production or distribution of material and resources is carried out. Cutting across geographies the aim is to presents circulation patterns forming global chains and networks. Perhaps, the emphasise remains, that architecture and infrastructure of cities, need to be understood in terms of protocol and systems of material.

Speaker: Ms palwasha amanullah (buitems)

material geographies conference paper.pdf

11:00 Disaster Mitigation Strategies for Adobe Houses: A Case Study of District Awaran, Balochistran

Every year disasters affect hundreds of millions of people globally causing damage that can take years to recover from. The process of rebuilding and re‐establishing is vitally important to the successful continuation of life, industry and growth of affected societies and communities. Besides human casualties one of the most visible and striking effects of any major disaster is the destruction of houses. Construction of houses will be a major activity in the reconstruction phase of a disaster. The impact of disasters caused by natural hazards such as earthquakes can have serious consequences. Vulnerable populations are faced with unforeseen hardships, misery and death if their houses and buildings collapse and supporting infrastructure is severely damaged. Awaran District, Balochistan is one the least developed areas of Pakistan with very low Human development index (HDI). In 2013, an earthquake of M 7.7 occurred in the region, causing damage to houses and human lives. The study covers the findings of the field survey for the damages occurred to the adobe houses in Awaran due to earthquake and analyse the causes of failure of the structures. It further suggests the design strategies and measure for the mitigation and prevention against these damages in order to decrease the loss to housing stock and lower the risks to human life due to failure of structures during earthquake.

Keywords: field survey, earthquake, adobe houses, disasters, design strategies, Awaran

Speaker: Mr Mamoon-Ur-Rashid Mengal (BUITEMS)

2018 Disaster mitigation strategies for adobe houses_ A case study of District Awaran Balochistan Pakistan v1.pdf

11:20 Common Ground in a Liquid City (Urban Entertainment Destination: A Tool against Classism)

Classism is one of the most widespread social problems plaguing the world today. Varying from the type of economic society and government regulation, classes are formed accordingly to how the rules of these institutions are set. Economic status ranges from the liberal socialists to the conservative capitalist. The purpose of this research is to congregate the Elite and Lower Middle group of class, on one platform by finding the common ground between two classes. Credit masks poverty and most of us are stuck in an income bubble, we tend only to see and associate with people who are like us, economically, people should get out of their collective comfort zone and create conversations across the income divide. The project aims to raise a question, “How could be the issue of social stratification solved architecturally?”

As a solution, Urban Entertainment Destination is considered in order to confront this issue of social stratification because public spaces are a powerful instrument of social inclusion.

This project research attempts to explore the significance of UED’s by conducting a literature review and case study analysis of five UED’s across the globe. Studies extracted from each module revealed the importance of six key strategies: Place-making, Multi-Anchoring, Contextual Links, Critical Mix & Mass, Programmability, and Branded Identity. These strategies were used as a basis for developing a set of site selection criteria that were in turn applied to the development of a new UED in Karachi, Pakistan.

Speaker: Ms Iqra Abbasi (Buitems)

11:40 Interactive Bus Stops: Enhancing user experience to encourage the use of Public Transportation

Authors: Ar. Sabeen Mehmood, Lecturer, Dept. Architecture Buitems,
Co Author: Sophia Mairaj, Lecturer, COMSATS Lahore.

Creating interactive local bus stops are not only an absolute necessity for anyone who wishes to use public transportation, but also for those who refrain themselves from travelling by public transportation. Bus stops should be considered as vital points of interaction to not only improve the urban environment but as well as to encourage citizens to use more public transport rather than private vehicles. Unfortunately, in our society bus stops are either considered as an unnecessary waste of space or poorly designed that it creates a more nuisance for the user rather than to provide shelter while they wait.
Majority bus stops in our locality lie deep in grit and garbage. Users prefer to wait on the road side rather than the bus stop or in many cases it is observed that people tend to run towards bus which makes situation not only dangerous, it is highly inconvenient for the waiter as well as for the arrival of the bus along with flow of traffic on the road.
This paper intends to present a design case study based on various ideas and attempts by architects, artists and psychologist to enrich experience of bus stop user’s thorough designing bus stop more user interactive as well as user friendly .
Aim of the conceptual designs proposed for bus stops were to assess:
i) Impact of proper designed public space on the mental health of the society member.
ii) Creating more sustainable urban environment within a community through design integration in the form of a prototype bus stop which is more user interactive and user friendly.

For the case study researchers have selected Karachi, a metropolitan city of Pakistan, where public transportation is widely used as mode of transportation amongst all the mediocre and lower class residing within the city. Comparative study is carried out between people who prefer public transportation and those who prefer private.

Objective and goal of the study is to suggest and present conceptual design with the research to propose the idea of improvement of a public space that will encourage the use of public transportation. Moreover use of public transportation will lead to reduction in carbon foot print as well as it may help Government in improving public transportation through revenue generation as it may attract sponsors to put their interactive adds on the bus stop.

Speaker: Ms Sabeen Mehmood Durrani (BUITEMS)

10:00 → 12:00 Environmental Engineering and Management

10:00 Cost Reduction Strategies for Engineering and Technology Organizations in Knowledge Markets

Speaker: Prof. Suleman Aziz Lodhi (UoS)

10:20 SCARCITY OF WATER RESOURCES IN RURAL AREA OF QUETTA DISTRICT: CHALLENGES AND PREPAREDNESS

ABSTRACT
This research was motivated by the statement appearing in the media and in the government reports that Quetta is going to run out of water in the near future. The study aims to explore the causes and impact of water scarcity from socio-economic perspective. The study is based on both the primary and secondary data. The primary data is collected in rural area of Quetta district from farmers through a well structure questionnaire, whereas secondary data is collected from the online accessible sources. The results indicate that water level has reached to an alarming level in the selected area, primarily due to subsidy on electric tubewells, indiscriminate installation of tubewells, violation of tubewells spacing norms, growing of high delta crops, population growth and poor drought management. This affects the people of the area in terms of decline in Kareze irrigation system, depletion of ground water level, deteriorating health conditions, and uncalled migration from the area. Based on the results, the study recommends effective strategies for putting restriction on the installation of new tubewells in the study area. Moreover, there is a need of instantaneous campaigns for educating farmers on the efficient use of water and awareness regarding conservation of water resources.
Keywords: water scarcity, enormity, perception, subsidy, efficient use of water.

Speaker: Dr zainuddin kakar

10:40 Mitigating Freshwater Needs by Reuse of Greywater for Residential Apartments in Islamabad

Pakistan is facing the issues of water scarcity in almost all major cities including the capital city of Islamabad. Water scarcity has become well pronounced due to many reasons such as increase in population, increase in population density, change in hydrology due to climate change, mismanagement of water sources etc. There is need to look for alternative water resources including Greywater recycling, rainwater harvesting etc. The perception of Greywater recycling and reuse is being considered as the major step towards saving needs of freshwater. Greywater is the waste water that comes from wash basins, showers, laundry, and sinks and does not include waste water from urinals and water closets. This Greywater constitutes almost 70% to 80% of daily per capita water demand. This Greywater contains some minerals, organic waste materials dissolved or suspended in it. This paper presents monthly water need analysis and simple adoptable measures for an apartment residential project in Islamabad, in which Greywater is proposed to replace 50% needs of potable water by constructing septic tanks to take care of black water and filter beds (gravel + sand) to treat Greywater for use in toilet flushing, irrigation, car and floor washing. It is recommended that internal plumbing of a house shall be planned with separate pipes for black and grey waters. Overhead water storage and piping shall also be separate to supply water for flushing, irrigation, car and floor washing to further save potable water.

Speakers: Mr Hamza Ahmad (Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan), Mr Shehryar Ahmed (Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan), Mr Arsalan Mazhar (Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan)

11:00 Rainwater Harvesting, an important measure to meet water requirement in arid areas of Pakistan.

Rainwater Harvesting, an important measure to meet water requirement in arid areas of Pakistan.
Osama R.1, Furqan M.A. 1, Zakir U. 1, Ishtiaq H. 2
1BS students, Department of Civil Engineering, Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad
2Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad
Corresponding Author: Osama Rashid, saami.avon@gmail.com
Abstract:
Pakistan is located in semi-arid region of the world where water scarcity is a major issue. In such areas, rainwater harvesting (RWH) is considered to be the best alternate source of water supply. Rainwater harvesting is being considered as an integral part of the sustainable water management in many parts of the world. Rainfall patterns in arid areas are typically highly variable, both spatially and temporally. Hence, there is always need to evaluate rainwater harvesting keeping in view the seasonal variations for a specific area. In Rainwater harvesting, a mechanism is designed to collect surface runoffs effectively during rainfall times. In this paper, it has also been analyzed that rainwater has a great potential to be taken as a source of water demands in residential colonies of major cities like Islamabad being our study area. Here, five marla housing pocket has been considered as a model site for which various water demands have been calculated depending upon residential needs and horticulture requirements of the study pocket. Rainwater from roads and walkways have also been collected and used to beautify the road-side horticulture water needs. Rainwater from rooftops has been used to reduce freshwater needs of the houses. As a result, residential water demands for fresh water have reduced by almost 30 to 80% for driest to wettest seasons, respectively.

Speakers: Mr Furqan Manzoor Awan (Capital University of Science and Technology), Dr Ishtiaq Hassan (Capital University of Science and Technology), Mr Osama Rashid (Capital University of Science and Technology), Mr Zakir Ullah (Capital University of Science and Technology)

11:20 Air Pollution Deterministic Index Modeling (APDIM) for Pakistan: Application in Quetta City

Mathematical model are applied to predict the sensitivity of climate to changes produced by natural phenomena and human activities. In this paper Air Pollution Deterministic Index Modeling (APDIM) for Pakistan is developed with the practical implication in Quetta City. The modeling is based on deterministic model and Pollution Indices to monitor the Ambient Air condition in Quetta City. The novelty of the model is adding a constant in the basic deterministic formula. The values of the constant balance the theoretical and experimental validations for Ambient Air. The APDIM gives the alerts about the weather conditions in simple indices or colour coding displays. These indices indicate the air pollution situation in the city by a single number or colour code. The application of the APDIM is done in Quetta city, six criteria pollutants (CO, SOx, NOx, O3, TSP and PM10) are chosen for modeling according to the WHO criteria which have lethal health effect on the communities. The results of the APDIM indicate that the gases (CO, SOx, NOx, and O3) are touching the boundary of satisfactory to un-satisfactory zone. The cause of concern is TSP and PM10, which lies in the hazardous zone. Air Pollution Deterministic Index Modeling (APDIM) is an important tool of decision making, which determine the risk assessment for communities. The aim of the APDIM is to inform the general public of the local area about the severity of ambient air pollution, and the potential health risk it would impose, particularly on vulnerable groups such as children, the elderly, and those with existing cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Further the tool helps the environmentalists and policy makers to modify the policy and strategies according to the provided air data.

Speaker: Dr Faiza Akhtar (BUITEMS)

11:40 ASSESSMENT ON QUANTITY MEASUREMENTS OF HEALTHCARE WASTE AND IT’S MANAGEMENT APPROACHES IN BOLAN MEDICAL COMPLEX QUETTA

This study was conducted to assess Healthcare Waste Management practices at Bolan Medical Complex Hospital (BMC) Quetta, Balochistan Pakistan. This Research adopted descriptive cross-sectional design on the period of June 1 to December 30, 2016. Research instrument were a survey, interviewed, questionnaires and response rate is 90%. The Quantitative data were examined by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The Quantity of Healthcare Waste in Bolan Medical Complex resulted as total number of Out-patients is 2000/Day, in-patients are 870/Day, deliveries are 5000/Year. Total Quantity of waste generated in BMC is 100 kg/Day and general waste 5kg/Day, hospitalization Waste 80kg/Day, Out-Patient rooms and Emergency waste 10kg/Day, Dressing rooms waste 5kg/Day, Laboratory Waste 5kg/Day, Food points waste 1-5kg/ Day, Waste from Ware houses 1-5 kg/Day. Low level of Radioactive waste is generated 77.3%. This research assesses the existing healthcare solid waste management approaches and suggests potential options for enhancement. Recommendations are respect to developments in the overall infrastructure, formation of strategic firms within in-site and off-sites. Healthcare Waste Should management with the aspect of sustainable approaches with resource use, minimization of waste at initial stages and recycling. There is a need for proper awareness training programs and reliable strategies.

Speaker: Ms TAHIRA ISHTIAQ (Environmental Science Department, SBK, Women’s University, Quetta.)

10:00 → 12:00 Geological Engineering and Geosciences

10:00 CPEC and Balochistan-Prospects and Challenges

Speaker: Prof. Muhammad Ahmad Farooqui (COMSATS Lahore)

10:20 Enzymatic Stabilization of Expansive Soil

Expansive soils are problematic soils and are not suitable for infrastructure construction due to their downgraded properties like low shear strength, low bearing capacity and high shrink and swell potential. Soil stabilization is an effective and useful technique used to enable expansive soils for the construction purpose. Microbial geo-technology deals with the application of biological products on soil to make the soil more feasible for infrastructural construction. Some of these biological products are terrazyme, permazyme, urease, fujibaton, etc. Soil used in this research was taken from Gujranwala region. And the enzyme used in this research was terrazyme. Soil was treated with three different dosages of terrazyme. For optimization of enzyme content unconfined compressive strength test was performed. For compaction characteristics of soil modified proctor test was performed. Increase in optimum moisture content and maximum dry density was observed in treated soil. Atterberg’s limit test was performed and decrease in liquid limit and plasticity index was noted in treated form. Unconfined compressive strength test was performed to check the strength characteristics of soil. UCS test was performed for both soaked and unsoaked conditions. In unsoaked conditions 6 times improvement was observed in in soaked conditions improvement was more than 25 times. One dimensional swell potential was noted and decrease in swell potential was observed and in treated form swell potential was decreased to 0.73 percent from 5.1 percent. Increase in soaked CBR was almost 5.5 percent.

Speaker: Mr Nabeel Liaqat (Swedish college of enginering and technology wah cantt)

10:40 Effect of Silica Fume and Lime on Compressibility of Baleli Soil

Title

Abstract

Key Words

Speakers: Mr Shabir Ahmed (Geological Engineering Department), Mr Siraj Hussain (Department of Geological Engineering), Dr Ali Nawaz Mengal (Department of Mechanical Engineering), Dr Zafar Baloch (Department of Civil Engineering)

11:00 Comparison of Flooding Irrigation System and Raised Bed Irrigation System for Wheat Crop at Samoo District Jaffarabad Balochistan

Wheat is an important cereal crop of Pakistan. However, its production is less by limited farm resources, unavailability of fertilizers at proper time, costly inputs, waterlogging, salinity, the shortage of irrigation water and its inefficiently usage. Mismanagement of irrigation water through traditional irrigation method has further constrained the cropping intensities and crop yields. Thus, without judicious use of irrigation water and other farm resources, the yield potential of wheat crop cannot be obtained. To improve water use efficiency (WUE) on the basis of increasing crop yields there must be a proper irrigation scheduling strategy. Different techniques of irrigation for water saving are used worldwide in agriculture sector now a days to minimize the water losses. In Jaffarabad district different types of irrigation systems are being adopted but mostly farmers are using flooding irrigation system for wheat crop which can lead to waterlogging and salinity in the area. Therefore this research work was conducted to compare flooding irrigation system and raised bed irrigation system for wheat crop in terms of water use efficiency and crop yield in district Jaffarabad, because water is the most important factor and critical input for successful crop production. Water should be utilized for optimum and economic yield. Modern high yielding crop practice methods can be sustained only with good water control and management at the farm level. In flooding irrigation system over-irrigation occurs which leads to a rapid degradation of soils. This is when much more water is needed for the raising of a crop, than the crop actually needs. Aim of this research work is to determine water saving and optimum crop yield by comparison of flooding irrigation system and raised bed irrigation system in district Jaffarabad.

Speaker: Mr Mustansar Hussain Jamali (Mehran University of Engineering and Technology Jamshoro Pakistan)

11:20 EXTRACTION OF OIL FROM ALGAE FOR BIODIESEL PRODUCTION

EXTRACTION OF OIL FROM ALGAE FOR BIODIESEL PRODUCTION
Rizwan Ullah Baig 1, Abeera Malik 1, Khadim Ali1, Saher Arif 1, Saddam Hussain 1, Mazhar Mehmood 1, Muhammad Najam Khan 1

1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences Quetta, Pakistan
   Email: abeera.malik@buitms.edu.pk
   The world is facing the energy shortage and environmental issues in this century due to increased industrialization and overuse of natural resources such as fossil fuels. The burning of fossil fuels generates greenhouse gases which aggravate the global warming. Researchers across the world are focusing on renewable, less CO2 and NOx emissions transport fuels. These fuels are important for sustainability and green economy. Bio-diesel from Algae is emerged as the promising alternative fuel, technically and environmentally acceptable and easily available. In this study different parameters of Oil extraction processes were studied. Samples of algal species Spirogyra were collected from Chashma chuzai Quetta, Pakistan and employed as a feedstock for biodiesel production. In the first step, oil from Spirogyra was extracted using n-Hexane as solvents. Effects of solvent to oil ratio, size of algal biomass and contact time on the percentage yield of oil extracted was studied and analyzed. It was observed that maximum amount of oil was extracted from Spirogyra biomass by using the greater ratio of solvent to algal biomass, maximum contact time, smaller algal biomass size.

Speaker: Ms Abeera Malik (Department of Chemical Engineering, Balochistan university of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences Quetta, Pakistan)

10:00 → 12:00 Textile Engineering and Technology: Textile Engineering

10:00 Mechanical Characterization of Economical Waste Based Hybrid Composites for Automotive Application

Speaker: Dr Yasir Nawab (National Textile University)

10:20 Fabrication of Organic Nanofibers via Electrospinning

10,12-Pentacosadiynoic acid (PCDA) monomers were successfully embedded in
poly(Ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) polymer matrix via electrospinning for the first time. The resulting EFM was UV-irradiated to form Polydiacetylene (PDA) polymer within the mat. The PCL/PDA EFM enables colorimetric identification of fake and polluted gasoline in comparison to the pure gasoline. It develops a red color mat in fake and polluted gasoline samples within 5 s. In comparison to the PCL/PDA EFM, PCL/PDA spin coated film failed to detect fake gasoline.
Similarly, a photochromic spiropyran dye [1’-3’- Dihydro-1’,3’,3’- trimethyl-6-
nitrospiro[2H-1- benzopyran-2,2’- (2H)-Indole] (Indole) was successfully embedded as a guest into a host PCL polymer matrix via electrospinning for the first time. The resulting PCL/Indole EFM have good photo-switching properties upon alternating ultraviolet and visible light irradiations. We found that patterned color image can be recorded on the photochromic PCL/Indole EFM using photo-masked UV irradiation. The subsequent visible light irradiation of the mat completely erased the recorded patterned color image. Series of novel PCL/Cellulose Acetate (CA) ENMs were prepared via electrospinning. PCL/CA ENMs were further treated in an aqueous alkaline solution to convert CA into Cellulose (CEL). The novel PCL/CEL EFMs showed improved wetting properties. The PCL/CEL, (1:4) blend exhibited the most uniform and fast wicking rate demonstrating that they can be used in applications including liquid biofilter and biosensor strip. Also, a series of novel Zein/CA EFMs was electrospun and their properties were characterized. Significantly, improved thermal properties including higher glass transition temperature (Tg ) and higher degradation temperature (T D ) were revealed for Zein/CA EFMs in comparison to the pure Zein EFM. Furthermore, Zein/CA EFMs showed hydrophilic surface characteristics with very low water contact angle (WCA) values suggesting that they can also be used as a scaffold in tissue engineering and as a liquid biofilter and/or biosensor
strip.

Speaker: Dr Shamshad Ali (Department of Textile Engineering, MUET Jamshoro Pakistan-76060)

10:40 Development of nanofibers based neuropathic patch loaded with Lidocaine to deal with nerve pain in burn patients

Burns wounds are difficult and different when compared with other wounds. The management of burn wounds is divided into three main categories; pain management, infection management and healing. Various commercial products are available to treat and prevent infection in burn patients but, for the management of pain, intravenous (IV) route is preferred which is associated with different side-effects. The local release of analgesic agent for nerve pain can reduce the IV related side effects and can provide quick and effective nerve pain management in burn patients. In this study, electrospun nanofibers of sodium alginate/PEO were loaded with lidocaine to reduce nerve pain and the effect of parameters were studied to get optimized bead free nanofibers. The drug release was tunable (from minutes to hours) and other properties like liquid absorption were studied against distilled, saline and solution A. The combination of moist environment and strong nerve pain inhibitor could be salient features as well as the use of antidepressant drugs could be skipped.

Speaker: Mr Sharjeel Abid (National Textile University)

11:00 Development of antibacterial fibers and study on effect of guar-gum addition on properties of carboxymethylcellulose/alginate fibers

The effect of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) addition on the tensile and absorption properties of alginate fibers had been reported in the previous research. Great increase in absorbency was observed due to addition of CMC to calcium alginate fibers but were not balanced with mechanical strength. Because, by addition of CMC dry and wet strength of composite fibers was reduced, therefore, a balance was needed between the absorbency of the fibers and mechanical strength. In this paper the effect of introducing a third component Guar gum on overall mechanical and absorbency characteristics is reported. In comparison to calcium CMC/alginate co-spun fibers, it was shown that inclusion of Guar gum improves the tensile strength as well as absorbency. Guargum/CMC/alginate fibers were extruded through two different coagulation conformations. In first step the dope solution was extruded through CaCl2 coagulation bath. The dope of optimized composite fiber formulation with adjusted mechanical property and absorption was extruded then through 50:50 CaCl2 and ZnCl2 coagulation bath. The formed guar-gum/CMC/Zn/calcium alginate composite fibers were found excellent for medical applications with super absorbency along with equivalent mechanical strength and high antibacterial efficacy.

Speaker: Mrs Shagufta Riaz (National Textile University)

11:20 Isocoumarins: Compounds having unique applications

Isocoumarins are benzo derivatives of -pyranone (2H-pyran-2-one), a six-membered oxygen heterocyclic compound. These isocoumarins and 3,4-dihydroisocoumarins are secondary metabolites found naturally in a wide variety of fungi, lichens, molds, insects and plants. This class of aromatic lactones has a wide range of industrial and pharmacological applications such as pharmaceutical, food, agriculture, cosmetics, nutraceutical, UV absorbers, fluorescent agents, sweeteners, healthcare products, antibacterial and antifungal agents etc. Isocoumarins and 3,4-dihydroisocoumarins are very stable compounds and the structure of these molecules can be modified according to the required properties. These molecules can be used for imparting different functional properties to textiles like UV absorbance, fluorescence, antifungal, antibacterial etc. This class of compounds can be effectively explored for new functional materials to be used in the field of textile.

Speaker: Dr Muhammad Tahir Hussain (National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan)

11:40 Enhancement of anti-microbial activity by natural finishes prepared from herbal spices and wastage peel of fruits applied on textile substrate.

Fabrics with antibacterial assets have become essential to organize and manage the infestation by microbes, and to reduce the formation of odor. The fabrics with antimicrobial finishes are highly hygienic in all dimensions particular, when consumed by human beings. In order to evaluate antimicrobial activity, we have prepared natural and organic extracts from herbs and wastage of fruits like Pomegranate. The fabric samples were tested for antimicrobial activity against bacterial strains like Staphylococcus, E.coli,under qualitative analysis method AATCC 147.
The results indicated that the cotton fabric show a better microbial resistance against the above mentioned strains by both two natural finishes on untreated and treated substrate. As per qualitative analysis, the fabric treated with extract showed best reduction against Staphylococcus by analyzing antimicrobial activity. The results were improved by binding agent sodium bicarbonate, which helps to improve the antimicrobial finish bind with fabric.

Key words: Textile fabrics, Natural Extract, Fruit peel , antibacterial activity, Staphylococcus Aureus, Escherichia coli,

Speaker: Mr Syed Qutaba Bin tariq (BUITEMS Quetta, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Textile Engineering,)

12:00 → 12:20 Tea Break

12:20 → 14:20 Architecture and Town Planning

12:20 Making City Planning Regional in 21st Century Pakistan: Towards a National Charter for Climate Change Survival

Germanwatch’s Global Climate Risk Index 2017 rated Pakistan as the seventh most affected country by climate change in the world after taking into consideration human and material losses, impact on the economy and number of climate events. The country geographically is defined by the approximate territory of the Indus River Basin, which is extremely affected by global warming in all of its eco-regions by changes in temperature, glacial melting, monsoon rain pattern shifts, drought, heatwaves and other extreme weather events. Pakistan also happens to be the sixth most populous country, with an alarming urbanization rate, with cities becoming natural receptacles of its many internal climate refugees.This paper provides a vision for Pakistani city planning in the context of the challenges of climate change facing the country according to scientific projections. It provides an overview of the steps the state is taking towards Climate Change Adaptation (CCA), including the signing of international charters (the UNFCC’s Paris Agreement), establishment of a Ministry of Climate Change, enacting of relevant laws and action plans, identifying gaps and weaknesses of these measures which are created as conventional tools for conventional situations.
The paper argues that a true, practical response to the alarming situation of CC can only come through creating a radical action plan - a ‘Pakistan National Charter for Climate Change Survival’. A technical blueprint for this multi-sectoral Charter is spelt out in the paper, entailing most importantly a national level Strategic Impact Assessment (SIA) for the era of Climate Change. The SIA as a technical tool will link major cities with each other as well as with their regional hinterlands, and evaluate the Significance and Vulnerabilities of Natural Resources, and in this perspective create a roadmap for Inter-Regional Resource-Sharing, Water Management, Food Security, Disaster Preparedness, Urban Bye-Laws Revisions etc. Each of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG’s) are also re-evaluated according to priority in the schema of this Charter.

Speaker: Sameeta Ahmed (Architect and Coordinator at EarthWaterNetwork, Pakistan. )

12:40 THERE AND BACK AGAIN (Identifying the unidentified)

All fine Architectural styles are adaptive in nature from Egyptian to Islamic Architecture; in spirit of their notable elements and identifiable vocabulary, these architectural styles have contributed towards major physical landmarks leading them to gain a unique historic reputation worldwide. When it comes to identifying Sikh Architecture, a perception of the majority assumes that Sikh Architecture does not exist. The purpose of this research paper is to question and compare within a chronology, the features and structural elements which have been classified as noteworthy for various architectural styles and are regionally acclaimed; but not recognized as being inherited or structurally modified during the great legacy of Sikh rule in the Indian Subcontinent.
Communities across the globe desire to create a belonging, a sense of place, one that resembles the native land and also reflects its culture. A city is a vital organism that thrives when a society is formed and along with it culture, language, religion, and an overall belief system flourishes. Therefore, implementing development plans that would provide a sense of unity and integration in relation to the city as a whole is necessary. The aims of this research is to shed light upon the architectural developments that took place during the Sikh Empire to strengthen the community catering to their religious and social needs. It mostly takes into consideration the cities which now lie within the borders of Pakistan and explores the fundamental elements of Sikh Architecture, elements which were present to glorify a young religion in its birth cradle and those which highlight the power of an Emperor, under his leadership the Sikh Empire become the last major region to be conquered by the British.

KEYWORDS: Sikh Architecture, Building Elements, Architectural style, Cultural restoration.

Speaker: Ms Aqsa Khan (BUITEMS)

13:00 Panel Discussion

12:20 → 14:20 Environmental Engineering and Management

12:20 Land use changes impact on groundwater quality using remote sensing and GIS in Quetta Valley

Land use/land cover (LU/LC) changes have been impacted environmental ecosystem, especially groundwater system. Availability of freshwater quality is drastically affected by human activities. Water is vital for humans, plants and animals but its availability and quality is depleting in the world. Quetta Valley is facing water scarcity and land management issues. In this paper expansion of land use and land cover of last twenty years in Quetta Valley and their impacts on groundwater quality and availability are represented. The spatial and temporal land cover changes show significant impacts on limited natural resources. DEM models from Landsat-8 were downloaded and used remote sensing applications to explore land cover changes of various time periods. GIS software was employed for groundwater modelling and to compare spatial/temporal land cover changes. Key findings showed large scale land cover over last twenty years and stress increased on aquifer system regarding water quality and quantity. Due to unsustainable land use planning has blocked groundwater recharge zones, while overexploitation and anthropogenic activities are observed major source to groundwater deterioration. Hotspots of low water quality are highlighted which can be useful for management and planning of water resources for future. Findings of this research work can be use to design a comprehensive research with high quality data. The results are useful for general public and concern department.
Key words: Quetta, Land use and Land cover, water quality, GIS, Remote Sensing

Speaker: Jamal inthestars

12:40 Study of the Fluoride assessment in correlation with different physicochemical parameters in drinking water of some areas of Quetta, Pakistan

Water (H2O) is a universal solvent found worldwide where the life exists. The fluoride level in drinking water has been controlled in order to get rid of dental and skeletal fluorosis. Therefore, the current study was mainly focused to check the quality of drinking water and to assess the fluoride content with the correlation of other physicochemical parameters. By applying an even sampling plan with the samples distribution taken from tube wells of different sites of Quetta, where the drinking water quality is known to have been deteriorated. The study shows that the Concentration of fluoride varies from 0.32ppm to 3.0 ppm (Hazara town to western by-pass area of Quetta) as compare with WHO (world health organization) guidelines of drinking water for fluoride (i.e., 1.5 ppm).The excessive fluoride concentration is expected from poor calcium aquifers andfluoride bearing minerals or cation exchange of sodium for calcium. Furthermore, it is observed that the pervasiveness of fluoride related health problems in study areas with high fluoride in water sources. On the account of the results, defloridation of the identified sampling sites and regular monitoring of drinking water is recommended at government level to avert further fluorosis risk.

Speaker: Ms Noornama Panezai (Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts & Basic Sciences, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences (BUITEMS). Quetta 87100 Pakistan)

13:00 Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nano Particle and their application for removal of E-Coli from waste water.

Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nano Particle and their application for removal of E-Coli from waste water.

author Fouzia co author Ms musarat raiz, Dr.Najam Malghani

Abstract
Silver nanoparticles are used as an excellent antimicrobial agent. It is used extensively in many consumer products, because of its effective antimicrobial properties and low production cost. For the water purification, nanotechnology offers the possibility of an effective removal of all pollutants and germs. The objective of this study was to assess how silver nanoparticles would affect waste water treatment system for E.coli removal. For this purpose nano silver solution will be created by adding 125mg of Nano silver powder to 250ml of deionized water by means of magnetic stirring and mechanical agitation. In order to obtain a homogeneous sample of n-Ag, the quantities will be taken as the solution on magnetically stirring. Three dilutions of n-Ag concentrations will be prepared and mixed with waste water which collected from different sources. Potential use of silver nanoparticles for water purification and its relative bacterial filtration effectiveness is discussed in this work.it is suggested that silver nanoparticles may be use in future at large scale for water purification.

Speaker: Fouzia Yousafzai (SBKWU Quetta)

13:20 DOMESTIC THREE STAGE TREATMENT OPTION FOR WATER STRESSED COMMUNITIES

Assalam-o-alaikum!

Please find the attached file of Paper Abstract and acknowledge the receipt of Abstract.

Thank you so much...

Speaker: Ms Mehwish Mehwish Haq Nawaz (National University of Sciences and Technology)

13:40 Particle size of Acacia Modesta gum powder changes the properties of self-compacting paste ssytems

Acacia Modesta gum powder is the novel material which has recently found its uses in cementitious systems. Particle size of powdered Acacia Modesta (AM) gum affects the fresh and hardened properties of self-compacting paste (SCP) systems and this aspect has not been researched so far. This paper focuses on the effect of particle size of botanical Acacia Modesta (AM) gum powder incorporated in self-compacting paste systems (SCPs). Powdered Acacia Modesta gum with an average particle size (D50) of 307 microns, 135 microns and 47.5 microns were used with variable Acacia Modesta (AM) gum dosages in the range of 0.25% to 1% by weight of the dry cement. The result showed that with the decrease in the average particle size of AM gum powder, the water demand, viscosity, yield stress, Vicat setting times, water absorption capacity, air content and maximum shrinkage values of SCPs were reduced while super-plasticizer (SP) demand, compressive strength, fresh and harden cement paste densities got increased.

Speaker: Mr Muhammad Waqas Malik (National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad)

14:00 Solar Based Smart Irrigation System Using PID Controller

A smart approach to minimize the human sources in field of agriculture using proportional integral and derivative (PID) Controller by implementing on Microcontroller environment of Arduino. This project includes four sensors; namely as, Moisture-level, Wind speed, Ambient humidity and Radiation sensors while taking moisture of soil as setting point. Moreover, A DC motor is used for water pumping to soil with the help of control algorithm of Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) which provide precise amount of water to soil and ensure the speed of water before the motor needed to be stopped. This Project is Energy self-sustainable by the used of solar panel for battery charging which makes this project green and permits a farmer to grow crops in distant area with no time and again to check the appropriate conditions of the field. The distant communication between device in the field (transmitter) and the monitoring device in the hand of farmer (receiver) is performed by radio frequency communication (NRF module), and parameters are measured with the help of (4) four designated sensors so farmer can water crop from a distant place and monitor it by the signal display on LCD. These four sensors work together at different participation ratios on the basis of PID controller programming using Radio Frequency Communication using NRF Module and takes smart decision for irrigation.
Key Words: Irrigation system, PID Controllers, Arduino, PWM, PV Panel, Lead Acid Battery, Moisture level Sensor, Humidity Sensor, wind-speed Sensor, radiation sensors.

Speakers: Mr Shehzar Shahzad Sheikh (U.S Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy, NUST), Ms Abeera Javed (BUITEMS, Quetta)

12:20 → 14:20 Geological Engineering and Geosciences

12:20 Identification of Brittle and Ductile Zones of Reservoir by Using Well Log Analysis

1.OBJECTIVE/SCOPE:
Brittleness and ductility play very important role in the stimulation design of unconventional reservoirs as it controls the fracture length and shape of hydraulic fractures. The estimation of mechanical properties of the reservoir rock is very important for the successful execution of reservoir drilling, production, and development operations; selection of bit according to formation strength, wellbore stability analysis, selection of brittle zones for better propagation of hydraulic fracture and subsidence of reservoir strata.
2. METHODS, PROCEDURES AND PROCESS:
Mechanical properties are calculated using well log responses for selected reservoir section. Brittleness is accessed from empirical correlations based on mechanical properties estimated from well logs response, uniaxial compression strength and tensile strength, after sorting the best representative data for the reservoir. Brittle-ductile categorization is done for identification of brittle, less brittle, less ductile and ductile reservoir lithology in each studied well.
3. RESULTS,OBSERVATION,CONCLUSION:
The petrophysical properties used in the estimation of mechanical properties of sandstone reservoir was compared with measured properties of the reservoir. High values of young modulus and corresponding low values of Poison’s ratio were indicating the brittle zones in the reservoir. Brittle-ductile zone identification based on Young’s modulus, Poison’s ratio, tensile strength and uniaxial compression strength were giving consistent results. The workflow of this research study enables us to understand the brittle-ductile behavior of the reservoir rock using mechanical properties and their correlation with such parameters which are easily available from well logging.

Speaker: Mr ibraheem khan

12:40 Strategies to Manage Aquifer Recharge in Balochistan, Pakistan; an Overview

Strategies to Manage Aquifer Recharge in Balochistan, Pakistan: An Overview

Abstract

Balochistan plateau dominated by the drainage system of eighteen river basins, where precipitation recharge consolidated and unconsolidated aquifers. In eleven river basins the groundwater levels are steadily decreasing for the last three decades due to unsustainable long-term groundwater extraction. The cumulative decline of water-table ranges from 2 to 3 meters/y. The most significant decrease, i.e. 60m in the last 12 years has been recorded in parts of Quetta valley. The estimated total groundwater recharge in an average year of all river basins is 2.21 Mm3, whereas the withdrawal is 2.66 Mm3 causing an overdraft of 0.45 Mm3. To increase the groundwater recharge, many proposals have been developed and several studies have been carried out by different public and private sector organizations, encompassing artificial and natural groundwater recharge. However, implementation of the recommendations of these studies remained limited with little progress. Assorted strategies have been developed by the concerned government departments for the protection of natural resources, including water, but a comprehensive provincial strategy to address and augment groundwater recharge in Balochistan is yet to be formed. In this article the natural resource protection strategies and their sub-strategies that are directly or indirectly associated with the natural recharge of groundwater have been reviewed and summarized. The policies that are reviewed in this article include water policies and environmental policies for the water sector. The sub-strategies include; a) strategy for climatic variability, b) strategies for aquifer recharge, c) strategies to improve governance, d) Balochistan conservation strategy, e) environmental strategy, f) biodiversity strategy, g) integrated water resources management strategy and h) participatory groundwater management strategy.
In some of the previous studies certain measures have been proposed for the improvement of water resources. These measures include; a) ban on agriculture tubewells in urban areas, b) water loss reduction and leakage control, c) provision of recycled wastewater to farmers, d) effective monitoring and metering system, e) rehabilitation of drainage system, f) development of new water resources, g) construction of storage and supply dams, and h) construction of delay action dams (DADs). Subsequently, 326 DADs with an overall storage capacity of 276 Mm3 were constructed in different river basins. The construction of 100 DADs to mitigate groundwater decline is in progress. To assess the impact of DADs on aquifers, studies were conducted on 14 and 25 dams in two phases during 1997 and 2008 respectively. These studies show that estimated seepage of groundwater through 14 DADs was 5.46 Mm3/y and 28.38 Mm3/y from remaining 25 DADs. The estimated discharge through Karez (underground water channels) located in the downstream side of 25 DADs also increased from 6.86 Mm3/y to 24.27 Mm3/y. These studies represent that in current circumstances, the DADs are the most appropriate means to recharge aquifers if supported by comprehensive catchment area specific water management strategies. The effectiveness of DADs may be further enhanced by the increased height of the dam and storage capabilities to supply for community utilization and introducing outlet systems for sediment-free water recharging.

Speaker: Dr Syed Mobasher Aftab (Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan)

13:00 Future Climatological Drought Projections Over Quetta Valley, Balochistan, Pakistan

FUTURE CLIMATOLOGICAL DROUGHT PROJECTIONS OVER QUETTA VALLEY, BALOCHISTAN, PAKISTA

The historical climatological records provide eminent evidence that drought is a permanent disastrous natural phenomenon of Balochistan. The precipitation data from 1872 to 1960 characterized that 25 drought events flashed with an interval of 7 to 14 years when average precipitation deficiency ranges from 20 to >40%. The eleven years longest historical drought span over 1945 to 1955 and the most recent recorded dry-spell extended from 1997 to 2003. During the last recorded dry spell, the average precipitation values decreased from 0-21% in Balochistan, while in Quetta Valley from 40-70%. The variability in precipitation and temperature has an enormous social and economic impact on the residents of Quetta Valley. The climatological variability devastated the ecosystem, depleted the groundwater resources and an exhausted environment. The precipitation and mean temperature data have been downscaled for mid (2040-2069) and far future (2071-2100) using different regional climate model (RegCM3) namely ERA40, ECHAM5 and FVGCM to identify its association with the observational data of Quetta valley. The observational data of mean temperature and precipitation shows a strong correlation to the downscaled data of ERA40 as R2=0.97 and R2=0.47 respectively. Furthermore, the ERA40 shows somewhat underestimate the mean temperature and overestimate the precipitation data. The observational data used to calibrate the downscaled data. The Representative Concentration Pathways RCP45 and RCP85 have been used for future behavior of these meteorological parameters. The both RCPs show positive increasing trend for mean temperature and negative trend for precipitation for the 21st century. The Mann Kendall and Sen’s Slope Methods are used to identify the trend and its magnitude at 95% significance level respectively. The historical record from 1951-2010 depicts that drought frequency has increased and continuously increasing thereafter, that increase pressure on the moisture regime for Quetta valley. The study also identifies the historical and future drought frequency and drought years along with return period over the time. The strong relationship has been identified between the soil moisture and standardized precipitation index (SPI) which ultimately helps to identify the spatial behavior of droughts. The study outcome may assist different stakeholders to predict and device immediate, short and long-term strategies to combat the droughts. The water resource Managers and surface and groundwater Planners may develop preeminent future drought contingency plans in the light of climate change over the Quetta valley.

Speakers: Dr Iftikhar Ahmad (University of Balochistan), Mr Imran Hameed Durrani (B-WASA), Shahzada Adnan (PMDC), Dr Syed Mobasher Aftab (BUITEMS)

13:20 Human Machine Interface Glove Using Piezoresistive Textile Based Sensors

Human machine interface technology is focused upon new ways of interaction between human beings and machines. Gesture recognition gloves are getting increasingly popular as human-machine interface devices. Conventionally, these gloves use electronic sensors to sense different hand gestures. As electronic sensors are bulky and uncomfortable, we propose a glove with textile-based piezoresistive sensors. This glove is flexible, more comfortable and cheap as compared to the conventional human machine interface gloves. We have examined that this glove can effectively sense our gestures and can be used for teleoperations, sign language to speech conversion systems and gaming.

Speaker: Mr Surjeet Kumar (Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences.)

13:40 Improvement of Bearing Capacity of Soft Clayey Soil by Inclusion of Sand Columns

Saddar Gul, *Dr. Bazid Khan, *** Muhammad Hanif Khan

Abstract: Civil engineering structures need adequate foundation to carry the imposed loads safely, but natural soils of good performance do not exist on each site. Alternatively soil improvement / modification are needed to improve the soil in hand. In this study an attempt is made to evaluate the bearing capacity of soft clayey soil containing sand columns. Three parameter of sand columns including size of columns, spacing of columns and pattern of installation were studied for their effects on bearing capacity. For this purpose clay beds with and without sand columns were prepared in a test tank of 250 mm x300 mm x250 mm in a standard manner and then tested in a compression testing machine for finding load settlement behavior of the samples. It was observed that inclusion of sand columns in clayey soil considerably improved the load settlement characteristics of the soil and hence bearing capacity. The triangular pattern of sand columns installation was found most effective in improvement of bearing capacity, however; by increasing centre to centre spacing of sand columns the improvement was decreasing while variation in size of column did not show much effect on bearing capacity.

Key Words: Soil, Improvement, Sand, Columns
MS Student in Geotechnical Engg. CECOS University Peshawar, E-mail: sadargul.82@gmail.com
*Prof. Civil Engineering Department, CECOS University Peshawar (Corresponding Author) E-mail: bmarwat2@gmail.com
*** RE, Nowshera Flood Project, Pakisntan Engineering Services

Speaker: Mr Saddar Gul

14:20 → 15:45 Lunch and Prayer

15:45 → 17:00 Closing Ceremony

17:00 → 17:20 Tea Break