The currently accepted mathematical description of the fundamental constituents and interactions of matter is the Standard
Model of particle physics. Its last missing particle, the famous Higgs boson, was observed at the Large Hadron Collider
at CERN in 2012. However, it is clear that the Standard Model cannot be the ultimate theory of Nature, and e.g., cannot
account for Dark Matter or non-vanishing neutrino masses (and does not include gravity). In fact, searches for physics beyond
the SM have been intensified since the Higgs boson discovery. In this talk, I review the hints for new physics, called
“anomalies”, obtained in particle physics experiments within the last years. We consider both direct high-energy searches for
new resonances at the LHC and indirect low-energy precision experiments. These anomalies range from the nuclear scale
(approximately the mass of the proton) to the electroweak scale (i.e. the mass of the Higgs boson) to the TeV scale (the highest
scale directly accessible at the LHC), therefore spanning over four orders of magnitude. After discussing the experimental
and theoretical status of the anomalies, we summarize possible explanations in terms of new particles and new interactions.
In particular, new Higgs bosons and leptoquarks are promising candidates. Discovery prospects and implications for future
colliders are discussed.
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